【正文】 He sings highly Wordsworth’s “purity of king1970uage,” “deep and subtle thoughts,” “Perfect truth to nature” and his “imaginative power.” But he denies Wordsworth’s claim that there is no essential difference between the king1970uage of poetry and the king1970uage spoken by mon “純凈的語言”，“深邃的思想”，“對自然完美真實(shí)的描述”以及他“非凡的想象力”。He believed that art is the only permanent revelation of the nature of 。38.34.30.26.Blake felt bound to declare that“I know that This World is World of Imagination amp。He was often misunderstood by other people, who would regard him as gifted but mad. He was recognized only ，認(rèn)為他是個(gè)天才，又是個(gè)瘋子，他去世后才被人發(fā)掘出來并一舉成名。Jane Austen’s view of life is a totally realistic .15.The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true ，還強(qiáng)調(diào)靈感與創(chuàng)作的自發(fā)性，認(rèn)為有這兩種才智才能創(chuàng)造出真正的詩歌。Wordsworth defines the poet as a“man speaking to men,”and poetry as“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”華茲華斯認(rèn)為詩人是對著廣大人民講話的人，而詩歌是強(qiáng)烈情感的自發(fā)流露，發(fā)乎情，止乎靜。The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18thcentury writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary ，新古典主義文學(xué)家認(rèn)為人是社會(huì)性的動(dòng)物，而浪漫主義文學(xué)家認(rèn)為人應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立自由的個(gè)體。A conscientious artist of the first rate, Gray wrote slowly and carefully, painstakingly seeking perfection of form and ，作品誕生速度慢，卻精益求精。he declined the Poet laureateship in ，他竟謝絕了授予他的詩人桂冠獎(jiǎng)。In his play, morality is the constant 。His sentences are long and well structured, interwoven with parallel words and ，但結(jié)構(gòu)工整，包含有許多排比，對仗。His chief works include pomes:“London”, and“The Vanity of Human Wishes”。Tom Jones brings its author the name of the“Prose Home.”The panoramic view it provides of the 18thcentury English country.《》為費(fèi)爾丁贏得了“散文荷馬”的盛名，小說為讀者提供了一幅英國18世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)村與城市的宏偉的全景圖。He“thinks the thought”of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their “想”，因此不僅可以表述人物的外在行為，還可深入刻畫其內(nèi)心的思想活動(dòng)。The History of Tom Jones is a masterpiece on the subject of human 《：一個(gè)棄兒的故事》主題是對人性的諷刺。Of all his plays, the best known are The CoffeeHouse Politician, The Tragedy of Tragedies, Pasquin, and The Historical Register for the Year 《咖啡屋的政治家》，《悲劇中的悲劇》，《巴斯昆》，《1736歷史年鑒》。無論是散文，詩歌，還是小說，簡潔，具體，精確，沒有復(fù)雜的句式永遠(yuǎn)是他的寫作風(fēng)格。39.在此，魯賓遜是真正的英雄：一個(gè)典型的英國十八世紀(jì)中產(chǎn)階級人士。32.(III)Daniel Defoe丹尼爾.28.這種對秩序與理性的強(qiáng)調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。21.17.13.10.6.Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and 。It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of ，這也顯示出上帝欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來的同情心。46.42.38.34.30.Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in mon. Each portrays some noble ：《哈姆雷特》《奧賽羅》《李爾王》《麥克白》26.Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own 。19.The passionate shepherd to his love激情的牧人致心愛的姑娘This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English 。其中最負(fù)盛名的是：《帖木爾》，《浮士德博士的悲劇》，《馬耳他島的猶太人》以及《愛德華二世》。Francis Bacon (15611626), the first important English 。Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into 。Humanism is the essence of the 。英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)精心整理 英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)精心整理[英國』Chapter12.6.(I)Edmund 10.13.(III)William 17.Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his socalled dark edies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two edies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for （或悲喜?。?，悲劇有：《哈姆雷特》，《奧賽羅》，《李爾王》《麥克白》《安東尼與克利奧佩特拉》《特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)》及《克里奧拉那斯》。22.“The King’s government must be carried on”—but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變”但是這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國家利益的，而不是只為國王自己服務(wù)。Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in ，文學(xué)形式及語言技巧方面受到他的影響。According to Bacon, man’s understanding consists of three parts: history to man’s memory, poetry to man’s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man’s ，人類的認(rèn)識與學(xué)問分為三部分：基于人類回憶的歷史學(xué)，基于人類想象力創(chuàng)造力的詩歌與基于人類理性的哲學(xué)。Of Studies論學(xué)習(xí)Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact ，討論使人機(jī)智。In his gloomy poem“Farewell to love,”we can see his 《告別愛情》中，我們就可以感受到他對愛情幻想的破滅。Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson ：《失樂園》《復(fù)樂園》和《力士參孫》。50.The Neoclassical Period(16601798)新古典主義1.他們大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to ，邏輯，確切及情感控制的基礎(chǔ)上，而文學(xué)作品的價(jià)值評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該看它是否為人文主義服務(wù)。Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of ，新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form, unified structure, clarity and conciseness of king1970uage developed in this period have bee a permanent ，如秩序，優(yōu)美的格式，統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡明的語言都成為永恒的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。Gothic novelsmostly stories of mystery and 。Bunyan’s other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Life and Death of , The Holy War and The Pilgrim’s Progress, Part 《罪人頭目的赦免》，《拜得門先生生死錄》，《圣戰(zhàn)》以及《天路歷程》第二部22.25.His quick mind, abundant energy and neverfailing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a ，充沛的精力，旺盛而持久的熱情總是使他在失敗后能重新站起。His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual ，樸素直白，時(shí)而又氣勢磅礴，潑墨如水，為讀者留下了敘述自由悠閑的印象。(