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論本科學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范-在線瀏覽

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【正文】 另一種情況是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn),此時不需要使用括號夾注,如:Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.在英文撰寫的論文中引用中文著作或者期刊,括號夾注中只需用漢語拼音標(biāo)明作者的姓氏,不得使用漢字,如:(Zhu)(引用整篇文獻(xiàn)的觀點)或(Zhu 12)(引用具體觀點)引用文獻(xiàn)中具體觀點或文字 引用文獻(xiàn)中某一具體觀點或文字時必須注明該觀點或者該段文字出現(xiàn)的頁碼,沒有頁碼是文獻(xiàn)引用不規(guī)范的表現(xiàn),如:Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197).Monasteries in medieval Europe were not short of speculations about Greek inventions (Marcuse 190203).假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn),則不需要在括號夾注中重復(fù),只需標(biāo)注頁碼,如:Ancient writers, according to Marcuse, attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (197).引用多位作者寫作的同一文獻(xiàn) 二至三位作者: Among intentional spoonerisms, the “punlike metathesis of distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning” (Jakobson and Waugh 304).(如果有三位作者,在括號夾注中應(yīng)用逗號分隔他們的姓氏,如:(Alton, Davies, and Rice 56)。獨立出版物的標(biāo)題或者標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組用斜體標(biāo)出,出版物內(nèi)含的作品的名稱以及未出版的作品(講演、論文等)的標(biāo)題或者標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組用引號標(biāo)出。 Seidensticker 114。)引用非直接文獻(xiàn)以后,在正文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄中只需列入該非直接文獻(xiàn)的條目(即上述實例中的“Boswell”)。(注意標(biāo)點的使用。對不分節(jié)的詩第一次引用時應(yīng)說明括號里標(biāo)的是行數(shù),使用“l(fā)ine”,以后的引用則不需再說明。 bk. 2, ch. 10).例子里的括號夾注表示引文來自該書第二冊第十章的第117頁。)在引用《圣經(jīng)》、《可蘭經(jīng)》等經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)的時候,應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的篇、章、節(jié),如:Consider the words of Solomon: “If your enemies are hungry, give them food to eat. If they are thirsty, give them water to drink” (Bible, Prov. ).例子里的括號夾注表示引文來自舊約《圣經(jīng)》的《箴言》篇第25章第21節(jié)。直接引語的格式規(guī)范散文體的引語四行或四行以下的散文體的引語應(yīng)該寫入正文,并且用雙引號標(biāo)明。引語不得使用斜體或粗體來表示。引語段的字體、行距與正文保持一致。如果引語段原為一自然段或一自然段的一部分,則首行不需要進(jìn)一步縮進(jìn)。引語段的段首和段尾不得使用引號。同時引用兩行或三行詩歌也應(yīng)采取這樣的方法,在行與行之間用斜線隔開。引語段左邊應(yīng)較正文縮進(jìn)10格的距離。(這里最好加一個例子)戲劇中的詞句作為引語如果引用戲劇中人物的對話,則應(yīng)該另起一行,作為獨立的引語段。人物對話如果一行不能結(jié)束,換行時需要進(jìn)一步縮進(jìn)3格。如果要刪除引語中個別詞句,可以用省略號“[. . .]”取代刪除的詞句。如:In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking [. . .] stressed air as the municator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers.” 注意:中括號內(nèi)第一和第二個點之間空一格,第二和第三個點之間空一格;中括號前后各空一格。添加詞句:Smith (1982: 276) found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others’] behaviors were studied in this manner.”So it is not like what Luthi calls “enter[ing] effortlessly into fruitful contact with distant worlds” (63). 無論刪改還是添加字詞均不得變更引語的原意。如:A silver dome concealed the robot’s “brain.”Hakuta (1976) found two types of error in the subjects’ article usage and he termed them “error of omission” and “error of mission.” “You’ve got to be carefully taught,” wrote Oscar Hammerstein II about how radical prejudice is perpetuated. 冒號(“:”)、分號(“。如:原文:I believe taxation without representation is tyranny!引文:He attacked “taxation without representation.”Did he attack “taxation without representation”?What dramatic events followed his attack on “taxation without representation”!He declared “I believe taxation without representation is tyranny!”但是,如果引文后緊接括號夾注,引號內(nèi)的句號要移至夾注之后。如:Dorothea Brooke responds to her sister, “What a wonderful little almanac you are, Celia!” (7). 引語段的括號夾注不屬于單句,因而不得將其放在句末的標(biāo)點以內(nèi)。 great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island。如:Confucius was quoted in The Analects as saying, “學(xué)而時習(xí)之,不亦樂乎” (“Learning with frequent reviewing, what a pleasure this is”)! 大段中文引文應(yīng)用兩節(jié)引語段,即中文原文和英文譯文。一般情況下,應(yīng)標(biāo)注作者的全名,而非縮寫名,除非所引用的原著中所給出的作者名就是縮寫名。主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題之間用冒號連接。中文文獻(xiàn)如:黃國文. 語篇分析概要. 長沙: 湖南教育出版社, 1988. (注意標(biāo)點均為英文標(biāo)點)(故事、詩歌、歌曲等的)選集Feldman, Paula R., ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. 楊自儉,李瑞華主編. 英漢對比研究論文集. 上海: 上海外語教育出版社, 1990. 編撰的書籍如果著重是指原著本身,則此條目以作者的姓名開始,在文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)題之后補充說明編者的姓名。如:Bowere, Fredson, ed. The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War. By Stephen Crane. 1895. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1975.翻譯的書籍如果著重是指原著本身,則此條目以作者的姓名開始,在文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)題之后補充說明譯者的姓名。如:Coulson, Jennie, trans. Crime and Punishment. By Feodor Dostoevsky. Ed. George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964.丁邦新譯. 中國話的文法. 趙元任著. 香港: 香港中文大學(xué)出版社, 1968. 兩、三位作者的同一本書幾位作者的姓名當(dāng)中只有第一作者需要把姓氏和名字的順序顛倒,即姓在前,名在后,中間以逗號連接,其他作者的姓名均為正常的全名。Edens, Walter, et al. Teaching Shakespeare. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977. 張三等. 語言雜談. 香港: 博益出版有限公司, 1978. 相同作者(編者、譯者)的兩本以上的書同一作者(或幾位作者)所著的兩本以上的書,從第二本開始,作者的姓名用三個連字符表示。Gilbert, Sandra M. Emily’s Bread: Poems. New York: Norton, 1984. . Ghost Volcano: Poems. New York: Norton, 1995. Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubur. The Madwomen in the Attic: The Women Wr
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