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ally if there is little related past research. Another is to outline the kinds of theoretical sources that will inform your research—the available research perspectives. Though not all proposals need to include an elaborated conceptual framework, a welldeveloped proposal will do so. This can take up socalled ‘conceptual issues’ which express your understanding of the topic and the problems in researching it. 4 Methodology and ethicsMethodology put simply is the research methods you intend to develop or employ and their justification. It is more than a description of the techniques or procedures proposed, and should outline the key assumptions your approach makes. It may foreshadow some of the ‘methodological issues’ which you anticipate will arise in developing your research approach.How you describe your methodology will depend on what kind of approach you are taking. The methodology section typically might: highlight problems in developing a suitable approach (methodological issues) document ethical issues in view of UTS Ethics Committee requirements (see the guidelines on ethics included in this handbook)If you plan a quantitative study, you will refer to method, data collection and analysis. Qualitative methodology will need to describe issues in managing qualitative data. An action research methodology needs to be described in terms of planning a process and the outes of different phases of the process, and so on.5 Research plan and timelineAn important part of the proposal is planning the research in all its stages up to p