【正文】 air travel， information protection is now high on the boss39。s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 10. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 第三講 句法結(jié)構(gòu)分析 第四講 閱讀技能－意識訓(xùn)練 I. 閱讀目的 II. 閱讀過程 III. 閱讀策略 IV. 閱讀能力 V. 閱讀模式 Purposes for reading 1. To search for simple information 2. To skim quickly 3. To learn from texts 4. To integrate information 5. To write 6. To critique texts 7. For general prehension Reading process 1. rapid 2. efficient 3. interactive 4. strategic 5. flexible 6. evaluating 7. purposeful 8. prehending 9. learning 10. linguistic Reading strategies 1. Specifying a purpose for reading 2. Planning what to do/what steps to take 3. Previewing the text 4. Predicting the content of the text (sections) 5. Checking predictions 6. Posing questions about the text 7. Finding answers to posed questions 8. Connecting text to background knowledge Reading strategies 9. Summarising information 10. Making inferences 11. Connecting one part of the text to another 12. Paying attention to the text structure 13. Rereading 14. Guessing the meaning of new words from context 15. Using discourse markers to see relationships Reading strategies 16. Checking prehension 17. Identifying difficulties 18. Taking steps to repair faulty prehension 19. Critiquing the author 20. Critiquing the text 21. Judging how well objectives were met 22. Reflecting on what has been learned from the text Reading ability ? Lowerlevel 1. Lexical access 2. Syntactic parsing 3. Semantic proposition formation 4. Working memory activation Reading ability ? Higherlevel 1. Text model of prehension 2. Situation model of reader interpretation 3. Background knowledge use and inference 4. Executive control processes Reading models 1. Bottomup models 2. Topdown models 3. Interactive models Reading skill 1. How to read a text It is advisable to read a prehension passage at least twice: first to obtain a general impression of the text, second to concentrate on the important details. Sometimes a third reading is necessary to check difficulty items. (p. 17, Book 1) Reading skill 2. Reading in thought groups While making constant efforts to improve your reading prehension, you should try consciously to increase your reading speed. And to read in thought groups is an easy, yet effective way of picking up speed and fluency. (p. 62, Book 1) Reading skill 3. Using context clues for word meanings Definition, restatement, general knowledge, related information, examples, parison, contrast (pp. 85, 107, Book 1) Reading skill 4. Reading for the main idea The first step to improve your prehension is to practice reading a bit faster for the main idea. Don’t waste too much time worrying about some unknown words. (pp. 145, 171, Book 1) Reading skill 5. Recognizing import facts or details Not all facts or details are equally important. Look for the important facts that support the main idea. (p. 197, Book 1) Reading skill 6. Using word part clues for word meanings Another way of guessing the meaning of unknown words is to looking at the formation of these words, including dividing pound words and recognizing prefixes and suffixes. (p. 224, Book 1。 others prefer to omit this explicit statement and just to give a general sense of the topic or thesis. (p. 116, Book 2) Reading skill for implied meaning Authors do not always present their ideas or describe things using exact terms or explicit expressions. Sometimes they prefer to write in a more subtle and implicit way. (p. 154, Book 2) Reading skill 11. Drawing conclusions while reading Careful and thoughtful readers always think about what they are reading: trying to interpret – explain and understand the ideas presented in a reading passage. (p. 178, Book 2) Reading skill 12. Identifying the topic sentence More often than not, one sentenc