【正文】 ：①疼痛：與手術(shù)切口有關(guān)。 ③自我形象紊亂：與乳癌根治術(shù)切除一側(cè)乳房有 ④潛在并發(fā)癥：出血、患側(cè)上肢水腫、皮下積液、皮瓣壞死 等。 ：術(shù)后 24 小時內(nèi)活動手指及腕部；術(shù)后 3～ 5日，開始肘部活動；術(shù)后 7 日，上舉； 10天外展。 五、男性， 64歲，右股骨干骨折手術(shù)后一直臥床，術(shù)后第 8天突然出現(xiàn)右小腿疼痛，腫脹且有深壓痛，右足過度背屈時小 腿肌肉疼痛劇烈，全身其他部位無明顯不適。全身癥狀和局部壓痛緩解后，可起床進(jìn)行輕度活動。問： 可能的診斷是什么？ 目前的治療措施是什么？ 才用該治療方法應(yīng)注意的并發(fā)癥的觀察和處理措施有哪些？ 答： 結(jié)腸癌 行結(jié)腸根治術(shù) 術(shù)后尤應(yīng)注意有無切口感染和吻合口瘺，觀察和處理措施有： ①密切觀察生命體征和傷口敷料情況，保持切口周圍清潔干燥，及時遵醫(yī)囑應(yīng)用抗生素，若發(fā)生切口感染，則開放傷口，徹底清創(chuàng) ②注意觀察引流管情況、排便的性狀、次數(shù)及量和腹部有無不適癥狀，術(shù)后 710天不可灌腸，以免影響吻合口愈合，若發(fā)生 吻合口瘺，應(yīng)予以充分引流，以控制感染，瘺口大、伴有腹膜炎或盆腔膿腫，則需行吻合口近側(cè)結(jié)腸造口 七、青年男性，不慎從高空墜落，急診送往醫(yī)院。有明顯血尿，血壓 100／ 60mmHg，心率 100次 /分。醫(yī)生決定為其行非手術(shù)治療。②該病人目前主要的處理措施有哪些？③該病人治療期間的病情觀察要點(diǎn)有哪些？ 答：①疼痛：與腎損傷有關(guān)； PC：休克、感染。③病情觀察是非手術(shù)治療過程中非常重要的措施，必須密切觀察血壓、脈搏、血尿、血紅蛋白等指標(biāo)有無變化。若血尿加重、腰部腫塊增大，說明病情加重。該病人既往體 健，無類似病史，此次忽然患病，擔(dān)心今后無法康復(fù)行走，神情沮喪，不愿意與人溝通，但是經(jīng)常對家屬發(fā)脾氣。②非手術(shù)治療期間，護(hù)士對該病人的主要護(hù)理措施和指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容有哪些？ 答：①護(hù)理診斷 /問題：疼痛：與突出的腰椎間盤壓迫和刺激神經(jīng)根有關(guān)。②非手術(shù)治療的護(hù)理：臥硬板床時，取側(cè)臥屈膝屈髖體位，兩腿間可墊枕，避免“蜷縮”姿勢。俯臥位時可在腹部及踝部墊薄枕，以使脊柱肌肉放松。觀察病人體位、牽引力線及重量是否正確，皮膚有無疼痛、發(fā)紅或壓瘡等。配合熱敷等理療措施也可緩解疼痛。常用方法包括飛燕點(diǎn)水、五點(diǎn)式和三點(diǎn)式等。 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝?。。?2021年中央電大期末 復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Women39。s games measures in (7576 cm) in circumference, and a women39。s bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 4954 in ( m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft ( m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere mands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two halfbushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and outlined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Men39。s five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players。 smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 1020 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismith39。 England in 1894。 and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948。s basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem AbdulJabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The women39。s game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably bee the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the women39。s basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a pergame basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the everchanging players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was anized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was anized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game。s professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Women39。s World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Almonte, Ontario, invented basketball at the In