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d be provided. Summary Journal of Physiology. The Summary consists of one unnumbered paragraph. It should give the background, objectives and methodological approach. Results should be presented quantitatively where appropriate, together with the statistical significance, and the conclusions indicated. References may not be cited. A limit of 250 words is remended. It must not exceed 5 % of the text (excluding references and figure legends), with an absolute maximum of one printed page. Abstract Gastroenterology. Limit: 250 words. 1. Background amp。 an extensive historical review is not appropriate. Materials and Methods (Experimental Procedures). How the research was conducted and how the hypothesis was tested. ? Describe techniques, cell/animal models used, and lists of reagents, chemicals, and equipment, as well as the names of manufacturers and suppliers, so that your study can be most easily replicated by others. ? The statistical methods that were used to evaluate the data. ? Specify that the work conformed with national/local ethics mittee guidelines. All anaesthetic details, including method of killing, must be included. ? Methods are described once only and do not appear in the legends to figures and tables. Results Provide the experimental data and results as well as the particular statistical significance of the data. Quantitative observations are often better presented graphically than in tables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), not t tests, should be used for multiple parisons. Theory and inference must be clearly distinguished from what was observed, and should not be elaborated upon in this section. Discussion ? Explain your interpretation of the data, especially pared with published material cited in the References. How the results, and the interpretation of them agree or contrast with previously published work. ? Point out the strengths and weaknesses of the methods or results of the study and suggest possible refinements in methods for future study. ? Practical applications and theoretical implications of the results need to be discussed. ? State conclusions clearly and summarize the evidences for each conclusion. (References Acknowledgements Tables Figures and legends Supplementary material Abbreviations) COMMENTS TO EDITORS AND TO AUTHORS CONFIDENTIAL COMMENTS FOR EDITORS Dear Reviewer A decision of