internetprotocol(ppt45)-經(jīng)營管理-在線瀏覽
2024-10-19 15:13本頁面
【正文】 Layer Protocols and Applications 來自 IP header * Protocol number: 01 – ICMP, 06 – TCP, 17 – UDP, etc. 來自 Inter Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ? Management Protocol and messaging service provider for IP. ? In router solicitation, ICMP is used to send the following events and messages (in the Data area): ? Destination Unreachable ? Buffer Full ? Hops ? Ping ? Traceroute 來自 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) ? Successful Mapping of an IP Address to a Hardware Address ? ARP Uses a Local Broadcast to Obtain a Hardware Address ? Address Mappings Are Stored in a Cache for Future Reference 來自 Resolving a local IP Address ARP Cache 08004. . . ARP Cache 08004. . . 4 IP Address = Hardware Address = 08004. . . IP Address = Hardware Address = 08007. . . 3 Hardware Address = 08007. . . 2 1 ping ARP Broadcast 來自 Resolving a Remote IP Address A Router B IP Address = Hardware Address = 08004. . . IP Address = Hardware Address = 08009. . . ARP Cache 08009. . . 08006. . . ARP Cache 08004. . . 4 1 08005... 08006... 2 5 ping ARP Cache 3 Network 1 Network 2 3 2 1 ARP Broadcast for Router Interface A ARP Broadcast for Router Interface B A B 4 5 來自 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) ? To discover the identity of the IP address for diskless machines with a RARP broadcast ? For diskless workstation asking for its IP address 來自 IP Addressing IP Terminology The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme Network Addressing Address Class Summary Network addresses: Special Purpose and Guidelines Assigning Network Addresses Assigning Host Addresses IP Addressing was designed to allow a host on one work to municate with a host on a different work, regardless of the type of LANs the host are participating in. 來自 IP Terminology ? Bit / Byte ? Octet ? Network Address / Sub Address / Host Address ? Broadcast Address ? Sending information to all nodes on a work ? local / limited broadcast– – all works, all nodes ? Directed broadcast – all the bits of host address turned on – all subs and hosts on work ? Broadcast domain – a group of devices receiving broadcast frames initiating from any device within the group. Because they do not forward broadcast frames, broadcast domains are generally surrounded by routers. 來自 The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme Network ID Host ID 32 Bits w. x. y. z. Example: Class B The IP address is a structure or hierarchical address which consists of a 32bit binary number of 4 octets and is usually displayed in the decimal format (dotted decimal notation). 來自 Network Addressing *The class of the Network is determined by the high order bits *C
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