【正文】 ng procedure, in construction must strictly according to the operating requirements, in order to ensure drilling quality, attention must be given to the hole quality, must be opposite for this good midline and verticality, and pressed well casing. Must pay attention in the construction are continuously added and pumping the slurry slag ( impact type ), but also at any time to check whether there is deviation phenomenon into hole. Using the impulse or clamshell type drilling machine construction, soil due to vibration and impact near the adjacent hole stability. So the drilled hole should be timely cleaning hole, decentralization and pouring underwater concrete reinforcing cage. Drill order should also be practical to plan, should not only guarantee a pile hole construction does not affect the last pile hole drill, and the moving distance of not too far and mutual interference. (6) the hole cleaning The drilling depth, diameter, location and shape of hole is directly related to the quality of pile and pile body black. Therefore, in addition to drilling process close observation 9 supervision, to meet the design requirements in drilling hole depth, with deep, hole pore shape, pore size and other inspections. In the end hole inspection in full pliance with the design requirements, shall immediately proceed to bottom hole cleaning, avoid it too long that mud settling, caused by borehole collapse. For fiction pile when the hole wall is easy to collapse, in underwater concrete perfusion before the sediment thickness of not more than 30cm。 even after careful cleaning hole, the hole cleaning after and before concrete, will precipitate some sediment, and in drilling process, widespread presence on the hole wall and the hole bottom soil disturbance. All of these affect the bearing capacity of bored pile play. Pile static load test show that, bored pile end bearing capacity of only the ultimate load of the 15%~35%, the side resistance and tip resistance of the existing synchronization phenomenon. Give full play to the role of lateral friction resistance is only a few millimeters of the displacement of pile top, to give full play to the role of tip resistance of pile diameter, needed to reach 10%~30% of the displacement of pile top. Such a large displacement in engineering is not allowed. Pile side friction resistance to damage, and the damage limit is 10 reached, and the end resistance cannot get sufficient play, its potential is great. That is the ultimate bearing capacity of bored pile is not to cause. Research shows that, at the bottom of pile soil exists, not only affects the tip resistance of the play, also make the side friction resistance loss. The existence of weak interlayer of pile, the pile body and the soil friction between the nature of the change, the friction between pile and soil by load transfer, is very bad. This is the bored pile bearing not tall benefit is another reason. the bearing capacity of Bored Piles According to the bearing capacity of bored pile is not to cause analysis, engineering and some improving bearing capacity of pile foundation of the method, mostly around the elimination of pile bottom sediment, a pile of weak interlayer. (1) pre loading method in advance of the pile bottom for preloading, the pile soil paction, improve the bearing capacity of piles. But timeconsuming, costly, and not easy to implement. (2) extending end bearing area. The belled pile, in the past used in engineering is more, but on the bottom of pile soil are still incapable of action. (3) sand lining pile technology : the method for castinplace pile, construction, use double sleeve around the pile in sand filling, bee sand set of about 3~10cm, sand set can improve the lateral wall of the friction resistance of pile. (4) grouting technology : routing technology grouting method can be divided into the first grouting and grouting method. The first method of grouting is drilled in the Kong Zhuangcheng hole and before concrete grouting, the nozzle pipe into the hole bottom is inserted into the soil, spraying slurry, so that at the bottom of pile soil mixed with cement, then pile concrete. cap Cap refers to bear, distribution from pier to carry the load on pile top, set to connect all the top of the pile of reinforced concrete platform. Cap is piles and columns or piers contact part. The root cap, even ten piles are linked with the formation of the pile foundation. Cap for high pile cap generally above the ground or 11 water. High rise pile cap having a free length, the surrounding supporting body to withstand horizontal load. Pile stress situation is extremely unfavorable. Pile internal force and displacement under the action of extremely unfavorable. Pile internal force and displacement under the action of external force than the same level of low pile cap to be big, the stability is poor because of low pile cap. High rise pile cap is generally used for port, wharf, marine engineering and bridge engineering. Low pile cap is generally used in industrial and civil buildings. Pile head generally into platform meters, and a reinforced anchor into the cap. Platform to build on the columns or piers, forming a plete power transmission system. In recent years due to the large diameter bored pile, pile rigidity, strength is big, so high pile in bridge foundation construction has been widely used. 12 全站儀在公路導(dǎo)線和中線測量中的應(yīng)用 摘 要 介紹全站儀在公路導(dǎo)線和中線測量等方面的應(yīng)用技巧，提出全站儀使用中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。內(nèi)業(yè)整理的時(shí)候只要將數(shù)據(jù)從全站儀傳輸至 PC2E500 計(jì)算器或直接將數(shù)據(jù)輸入到計(jì)算機(jī)中，經(jīng)過坐標(biāo)平差，在計(jì)算機(jī)上用 Auto CAD 等軟件繪出點(diǎn)位、取舍點(diǎn)位，求出每一彎道的偏角值、交點(diǎn)間距離以及逐樁坐標(biāo)等即可。 （ 3） 點(diǎn)的設(shè)置應(yīng)兼顧放中線的需要 在設(shè)點(diǎn)時(shí)，不僅應(yīng)設(shè)路線控制導(dǎo)線點(diǎn)，即轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)，也應(yīng)為放中線做準(zhǔn)備，在路線上通視條件好、地勢較高處可以布設(shè)一些架儀器的點(diǎn)，這樣做的好處是在放中線是有了更多的選擇機(jī)會(huì)，不必為增設(shè)架儀器點(diǎn)而多次讓儀器轉(zhuǎn)站。后視人員可讓全站儀記錄更多的點(diǎn)，對后期中線測量和路線設(shè)計(jì)可13 以起到非常大的作用。 在省道豫 23線南陽市境鄧州至孟樓二級(jí)公路改建工程的導(dǎo)線測量中，由于是老路改造，因此測