物流英語外文資料及中文翻譯-其他專業(yè)-在線瀏覽
2025-03-24 03:30本頁面
【正文】 ed logistics, it appeared from out of the blue. This is far from the truth! Integrated logistics has been around throughout human history. The great explorers like Alexander the Great, Columbus, and Magellan applied logistics concepts to expand territories and find shorter trade routes. The term “ logistics” as used today originated in the military during World War Ⅱ . Military logistics focused on the strategic movement of military personnel and supplies. When military logisticians returned from the war, they began to apply what they had learned to the problems of business logistics. In the early 1960s, Peter Drucker brought the concept to the forefront. In an article entitled―The Economy’s Dark Continent,‖Drucker said that:―We know little more today about distribution than Napoleon’s contemporaries knew about the interior of Africa. We know it is there, and we know it is big, and that’s about all.‖ In that same article, Drucker also pointed out that distribution was a last frontier for top management to find strategic efficiencies. Then, distribution referred to many of the activities included in today’s concept of integrated logistics. Many variables affected the evolution and growth of integrated logistics. The first was the growth of consumer awareness and the marketing concept of the 1960s Product lines expanded to meet the rising demand for more selections. This product line expansion put great pressure on distribution channels to move more products and keep costs down, especially in transportation and inventory. A second factor was the introduction of the puter. Computer experts and integrated logistics managers quickly found a multitude of puter applications for logistics. These applications offered still greater efficiency in transportation routing and scheduling, inventory control, warehouse layout and design, and every aspect of integrated logistics. In fact, puters allowed integrated logistics managers to model integrated logistics systems and then analyze the effects of proposed changes。 this application greatly advanced the system’s approach. The third variable leading to the growth of integrated logistics was the worldwide economy in the 1970s and recessions and rising interest rates caused many firms to refocus attention on reducing costs, especially in transportation and inventory. To maintain a cost advantage, many firms were forced to reevaluate overall transportation needs. Also, rising interest rates turned attention to maintaining minimum inventory levels because of the cost of capital. Globalization of business and the development of world trade blocks are a fourth factor influencing the growth of integrated logistics. Most firms peting internationally find it increasingly difficult to pete on price without more effective and efficient delivery of their products. Integrated logistics can provide firms with a cost advantage. Furthermore, trading blocks in Europe, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas (European Union, Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the AsianPacific Economic Cooperation, Souther
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