【正文】 whose education and training is broadly based and of a high academic standard.（可以預(yù)見【 forecast】，這 種發(fā)展繼續(xù)并將為涉獵廣泛、學(xué)識一流的【 broadly based and of a high academic standard】畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造新 的事業(yè)。 【 flexibility 彈性、機動性】） Adoption of the term also allows a coherent marketing of the profession to industry and schools on a worldwide basis. （這個術(shù)語的采用同時也在全世界范圍里為行業(yè)【 industry】里和學(xué)校建立了【 allow 允 許了】一個一致的【 coherent】專業(yè)市場） As a result, both course and award titles in the traditional Land Surveying sector at many of the world’ s leading universities are being changed to “ Degree in Geomatics” . （結(jié)果，世界上許多一流大學(xué)的 傳統(tǒng)的測量專業(yè)【部門】的無論是課程還是授予資【授予學(xué)位名稱】格都改為“測繪學(xué)位”【 Degree in Geomatics】 的了） This does not suggest the demise of the term “ surveyor” and graduates will still practice as land surveyors or photogammertrists, etc. as appropriate to their specialization.（這并不意味著“ surveyor” 這個詞的消亡，測繪畢業(yè)生還將從事適合他們專業(yè)的【 as appropriate to their specialization】土地測量員、 攝影測量員及其他【 ect.】的工作） In the last decade, there has been dramatic development and growth in the use of hardware and software solutions to both measure and process geospatial data.（在過去的十年中，在應(yīng)用硬件和軟件的方法 【 solution 解決方法】來測量和處理地球空間數(shù)據(jù)工作時 有著戲劇性的發(fā)展和增長） [in the use of 在使用?? 時 ] This has created and will continue to create new areas of application, with associated job opportunities for suitably qualified graduates. （創(chuàng)造并將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)造新的應(yīng)用【 application】領(lǐng)域，并為合適的、合格 【 qualified 有資格的】的畢業(yè)生提供相關(guān)的【 associated】工作?！局弊g為：更清楚的工作描 述就如如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般被從業(yè)者用來更準確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。） Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the International Standards Organization(ISO),so it is here to stay.（現(xiàn)在 geomatics 這個詞已經(jīng)被包括 ISO【國際標準化 組織】在內(nèi)的數(shù)個國際機構(gòu)【 international bodies】所采用， 因此它就這樣被普遍接受【 be here to stay 習慣用語“被普遍接受”】 The term “ surveyor” is traditionally used to collectively describe those engaged in the above activities. （ surveyor 這個詞按慣例用來總指（這換成“總稱”較好）【 collectively 全體的】那 些從事上述 活動的人。） Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand for a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment.（隨著新技 術(shù)的發(fā)展和不斷增長的對空間關(guān)系的信息類型的需求，尤其是在測量和監(jiān)測我們的環(huán)境方面【環(huán)境監(jiān)測】，現(xiàn)在， 傳統(tǒng)測量學(xué)定義連同【 along with】日益【 steadily 穩(wěn)定的】增長的測量的重要性一起包含在這個術(shù)語里了。Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是測繪學(xué)） Geomatics Defined（測繪學(xué)定義） Where does the word Geomatics e from?（ Geomatics－測繪或地球空間信息學(xué)，這個名詞是怎么來的呢？） GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO for earth and – MATICS for mathematical or GEO for Geoscience and MATICS for informatics. （大地測量學(xué)＋地理信息學(xué)＝ GEOMATICS 測繪學(xué) 或者 geo 代表地 球， matics 代表數(shù)學(xué)，或者 geo 代表地球科學(xué)， matics 代表信息學(xué)） It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（據(jù)說測繪學(xué)這個詞對不同的人有不同的 理解） The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline。 it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “ geodesy” or “ surveying” , and by adding a number of puter science and/or GISoriented courses.（這個術(shù)語【 term 術(shù) 語】作為一個學(xué)科【 academic discipline 學(xué)科】第一次形 成【 emerge】于加拿大；在過去的幾年里被全世界的許多高等教育研究機構(gòu)所熟知，通常是以前的“大地測量學(xué)” 或“測量學(xué)”在引入了許多計算機科學(xué)和 GIS 方向【或“基于 GIS”】的課程后重新命名的?！径? 號后面的句子修飾 demand】） Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling natural resources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human activities. （日益增長的危機來自人口擴張，地價上漲，資源緊縮【緊張】，還有由于人類活動引起的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量 的持續(xù)的壓力【由人類活動帶來的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量的惡化】 As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and puter sciences to spatial planning, land development and the environmental sciences.（這樣，測 繪學(xué)在地球科學(xué)，各種工程學(xué)【 engineering sciences 工程學(xué)】，計算機科學(xué)，空間規(guī)劃，土地開發(fā)和環(huán)境科學(xué) 相互之間架起了廣泛的橋梁。） More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Surveyor for example, are monly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specialized expertise.（更具體的【 explicit 清楚的、直接的】工作如土地測量員 、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般【 monly 一般地】被業(yè)內(nèi)人士【 practitioners 從業(yè)者】用來更準確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。】） The term geomatics is a recent creation to convey the true collective and scientific nature of these related activities and has the flexibility to allow for the incorporation of future technological developments in these fields.（ geomatics 這個術(shù)語是個新詞，表達【 convey 傳達】了實體集合和它們相關(guān) 聯(lián)【 related】的活動的自然科學(xué)，并使這些領(lǐng)域的未來技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)合【 incorporation 結(jié)合】成為可能。） As a result, the role of the “ surveyor” is expanding beyond traditional areas of practice, as described above, into new areas of opportunity.（結(jié)果是，“ surveyor”的角色大大超越傳統(tǒng)實踐領(lǐng)域――如前面所述 的領(lǐng)域，進入到新的【 opportunity 機會、時機】的領(lǐng)域。） To enable graduates to take full advantage of these developments, significant changes in education and training are required.（為了使畢業(yè)生能充分利用【 take full advantage of】這些發(fā)展，教育和訓(xùn)練的 重大改革【 significant changes】成為必需的） Academic and professional institutions are also responding, in part, by adopting the term geomatics both as a course and as an award title. （學(xué)院的和專業(yè)的機構(gòu)也作出反應(yīng)，部分地，采用術(shù)語“ geomatics” 作為一門課程和一項授予資格【授予 學(xué)位名稱】。） This broad term applies both to science and technology, and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems(GIS), land management ,puter systems, environmental visualization and puter graphics.（這個廣泛的術(shù)語應(yīng)用于科學(xué)和技術(shù)，以及 制圖、大地測量學(xué)、衛(wèi)星定位、攝影測量學(xué)、遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、土地管理、計算機系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境可視化和計算 機制圖等領(lǐng)域） Several terms such as “ geomatics” , “ geomatic engineering,” and “ geoinformatics” are now in mon use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geographic information.（現(xiàn)在一些術(shù)語 如“測繪學(xué)”，“測繪工程”和“地學(xué)信息學(xué)”共同應(yīng)用于某些活動中―――專屬于【 pertain to】通常【 generally】 涉及【 concern with】地理信息的活動。） Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an important ponen