【正文】 1961 蘇聯(lián)將第一名宇航員送上地球軌道 1964 默里 蓋爾 曼預言夸克子的存在 1967 人類首例心臟移植手術實施 1969 美國阿波羅號宇航員登月成功 七十年代 70年代 CT 診斷技術出現 70 年代 美國大學校園網 ARPA 出現 1971 吉爾伯特 海厄特和英特爾公司制造出第一個商用計算機微處理器 1975 西澤 米爾斯坦和合作者培育出單克隆抗體 八十年代 80 年代 導致瘋牛病的毒蛋白被發(fā)現 1983 呂克 蒙塔尼耶和羅伯特 加洛分離出艾滋病毒 九十年代 1990 歐洲粒子物理實驗室的顧問蒂姆 伯納斯與同事羅伯特 卡約編寫的一套 軟件使得萬維網（ WWW）誕生 1990 哈勃太空望遠鏡發(fā)射 1996 用單個成年哺乳動物細胞培育的克隆羊 多利 在英國誕生 1997 科學家準確預測到太平洋赤道地區(qū)的厄爾尼諾現象，大大減少了世界各 國因洪水和干旱造成的經濟和社會損失 Science and Technology Timeline Glenn Everett, Associate Professor of English, University of Tennessee at Martin 1687 Newton, Principia. Until Einstein, Newton’s physics forms the foundation of modern science, provides the model for other sciences, and serves as the basic description of the natural laws governing the universe. 1692 Languedoc Canal connects the Mediterranean with the Bay of Biscay. 240 miles long, with 100 locks, 3 major aqueducts, 1 tunnel, and a summit reservoir. The largest canal project between Roman times and the nieenth century. 1708 Jethro Tull’s mechanical (seed) sower permits largescale planting in rows, for easier cultivation between the rows. 1709 Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron ore, replacing wood and charcoal as fuel. 1712 Thomas Newen builds first mercially successful steam engine. Able to keep deep coal mines clear of water. First significant power source other than wind and water. 1714 British Board of Longitude offers 163。20,000 prize for the first successful method of fixing longitude. 1733 John Kay’s flying shuttle. 174142 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, returning from Turkey, introduces smallpox inoculation. 1758 First threshing machine. 1761 James Brindley’s Bridgewater Canal opens. Barges carry coal from Worsley to Manchester. 1762 John Harrison’s No. 4 chronometer wins the British Board of Longitude’s prize (see 1714). 1765 James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny, automating weaving the warp (in the weaving of cloth). 1769 Arkwright’s water (powered) frame automates the weft. 1772 Bridgewater Canal extended to the Mersey, thus connecting with Liverpool. Its success kicks off extensive canal construction (canal mania). 1774 Priestly isolates oxygen. 1775 Watt’s first efficient steam engine, much more efficient than the Newen. 1777 Grand Trunk Canal establishes a crossEngland route connecting the Mersey to the Trent and connecting the industrial Midlands to the ports of Bristol, Liverpool, and Hull. 1779 First steam powered mills. Crompton’s mule bines Hargreaves’ and Arkwright’s machines, fully automating the weaving process. 1781 William Herschel discovers the pla Uranus. 1786 Arkwright puts a Watt engine in the Albion cotton mill, Blackfriars Bridge, London. 1787 Cartwright builds a power loom. 1789 ThamesSevern Canal links the Thames to the Bristol Channel. 1792 William Murdock (James Watt’s assistant) lights his home with coal gas. 1793 Eli Whitney develops his cotton gin (a device to clean raw cotton). 1793 1803 Thomas Telford builds his two great iron aqueducts, over the Dee and the Cierog valleys. 1796 Edward Jenner develops smallpox vaccination process using cowpox vaccine. 1799 Humphry Davy discovers nitrous oxide (laughing gas), first effective anesthetic. c. 1800 Oliver Evans (USA) invents conveyer belt。 Faraday discovers electromagic current, making possible generators and electric engines. British Association for the Advancement of Science founded 1834 Charles Babbage develops his analytic enginethe forerunner of the puter. Fox Talbot produces photographs. 1835 Colt revolver 1837 Morse develops the telegraph and Morse Code. Great Westernfirst oceangoing steamship. 1838 Daguerre perfects the Daguerrotype. 1839 Fox Talbot introduces photographic paper. 1840 Whewell, Philosophy of Inductive Sciences. 1842 Crawford Long uses ether in a minor operation. 1843 Great Britainfirst large, iron, screwpropelled steamship Typewriter invented. 1844 Chambers, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Commercial use of Morse’s telegraph (Baltimore to Washington). c. 1845 Turretlathe. 1846 Pneumatic tire patented First telegraph cable laid under the Channel. Ether used in a major operation. Elias Howe invents sewing machine. 1847 Boole, Mathematical Logic. 1849 Monier develops reinforced concrete. 1850 Petrol (gasoline) refining first used. Isaac Singer mercializes sewing machine Natural Science Honours School established at Oxford. 1851 Singer invents first practical sewing machine. Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge. 1854 Bessemer invents steel converter. 1855 Regius Chair of Technology founded at Edinburgh. Yale lock invented。 Machine gun. 1863 SiemensMartin open hearth process (along with the Bessemer converter) makes steel available in bulk. Steel begins to replace iron in building: steel framing and reinforced concrete make possible curtainwall ., the skyscraper. 1867 Lister demonstrates the use of carbolic antiseptic. Alfred Nobel produces dynamite, the first high explosive which can be safely handled. 1869 Mendel233。re brothers develop Cinematograph. Roentgen discovers Xrays. 1896 Marconi patents wireless telegraph. Becquerel discovers radioactivity in uranium. 1897 Joseph Thomson discovers particles smaller than atoms. 1899 Aspirin invented. 1900 Planck develops quantum theory. First Zeppelin built. Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams. 1901 Marconi transmits first transAtlantic radio message (from Cape Cod). 1903 Wright brothers make first powered flight. 1