【正文】 Apollo program delayed 1968 Human beings orbited the moon for the first time (Apollo 8) 1969 People walked on the moon for the first time (Apollo 11) 1969 Meteorite in Australia found to contain amino acids 1970 Apollo 13 moon landing canceled due to severe malfunctions 1971 First unmanned spacecraft hit Mars (Soviet Union) 1971 Apollo 15 used the lunar rover 1971 First space station, Salyut 1, and first space docking (Soviet Union) 1972 Discovery of a 2 million year old humanlike fossil, Homo habilis, in Africa 1973 . launched Skylab space station 1974 Discovery of Lucy in Africa, an almost plete homonid skelton over 3 million years old, only 3 and a half feet tall but having adult teeth, a small brain, walked upright 1975 First unmanned soft landing on Venus (Soviet Union) 1975 The first space docking (Apollo and Soyuz) 1975 Invention of the CAT scanner (puterized axial tomography) 1976 Cosmic string theory was introduced 1977 Voyager spacecraft launched。 studied philosophy, logic c. 300 . Euclid wrote Elements, a treatise on geometry c. 300 . Aristarchus proposed that the earth revolves around the sun。20,000 prize for the first successful method of fixing longitude. 1733 John Kay’s flying shuttle. 174142 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, returning from Turkey, introduces smallpox inoculation. 1758 First threshing machine. 1761 James Brindley’s Bridgewater Canal opens. Barges carry coal from Worsley to Manchester. 1762 John Harrison’s No. 4 chronometer wins the British Board of Longitude’s prize (see 1714). 1765 James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny, automating weaving the warp (in the weaving of cloth). 1769 Arkwright’s water (powered) frame automates the weft. 1772 Bridgewater Canal extended to the Mersey, thus connecting with Liverpool. Its success kicks off extensive canal construction (canal mania). 1774 Priestly isolates oxygen. 1775 Watt’s first efficient steam engine, much more efficient than the Newen. 1777 Grand Trunk Canal establishes a crossEngland route connecting the Mersey to the Trent and connecting the industrial Midlands to the ports of Bristol, Liverpool, and Hull. 1779 First steam powered mills. Crompton’s mule bines Hargreaves’ and Arkwright’s machines, fully automating the weaving process. 1781 William Herschel discovers the pla Uranus. 1786 Arkwright puts a Watt engine in the Albion cotton mill, Blackfriars Bridge, London. 1787 Cartwright builds a power loom. 1789 ThamesSevern Canal links the Thames to the Bristol Channel. 1792 William Murdock (James Watt’s assistant) lights his home with coal gas. 1793 Eli Whitney develops his cotton gin (a device to clean raw cotton). 1793 1803 Thomas Telford builds his two great iron aqueducts, over the Dee and the Cierog valleys. 1796 Edward Jenner develops smallpox vaccination process using cowpox vaccine. 1799 Humphry Davy discovers nitrous oxide (laughing gas), first effective anesthetic. c. 1800 Oliver Evans (USA) invents conveyer belt。ev produces the Periodic Table. c. 1870 Automatic lathe 1873 Christopher Sholes invents the Remington typewriter. James Clerk Maxwell states the laws of electromagic radiation 1876 Bell invents the telephone. Robert Koch discovers the anthraxcausing microanism, demonstrates its life cycle and explains how it causes disease after long dormancy. 1877 Edison invents the phonograph GilchristThomas basic process permits using wider range of ores for manufacturing steel 1878 Microphone invented. 1879 Edison invents the incandescent lamp. 1882 Koch isolates tuberculosis bacillus. 1883 First skyscraper (ten stories) in Chicago. The Brooklyn Bridge opens. This large suspension bridge, built by the Roeblings (father and son), is a triumph of engineering. 1884 Maxim invents the machine gun, making possible mass slaughter and beginning the mechanization of warfare. Carl Kohler uses cocaine as a local anesthetic. Koch isolates the cholera bacillus. 1885 Benz develops first automobile to run on internal bustion engine. Pasteur develops hydrophobia vaccine. 1886 . Fitz identifies appendicitis. 1888 Hertz produces radio waves. 1889 Eiffel Tower. 1890 Wm. James, Principles of Psychology. Koch develops tuberculin, which can be used to test for tuberculosis. 1892 Rudolf Diesel invents his namesake. 1895 Lumi232。 first shiptoshore message 1898 Curie and Curie announced their discovery of radium and polonium 1899 Marconi established wireless telegraph service between England and France 1900 First public awareness of Mendel’s findings in geics, when his 18651866 papers were found 1900 Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams 1900 Finlay discovered that yellow fever is spread by mosquitos 1900 Planck proposed that energy can only be absorbed or emitted by matter in discrete amounts (quanta) 1901 First transatlantic wireless telegraph 1902 Discovery of Tyrannosaurus Rex 1902 Kennelly (.) and Heaviside (England) independently discovered the ionosphere 1903 The botanist De Vries discovered mutations in plants 1903 Wright brothers’ airplane remained in flight for 12 seconds 1904 Fleming invented vacuum tube diode 1904 Geics experiments by Thomas Man, discovery of sexlinked mutations (among a group of fruit flies with normal red or unusual white eyes, all of the whiteeyed offspring were male). 1905 Einstein published papers on Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, and the special theory of relativity 1906 D