【正文】 c. 2725 . Imhotep in Egypt considered the first medical doctor c. 2540 . Pyramids of Egypt constructed c. 20xx . Chinese discovered magic attraction c. 700 . Greeks discovered electric attraction produced by rubbing amber c. 600 . Anaximander discovered the ecliptic (the angle between the plane of the earth’s rotation and the plane of the solar system) c. 600 . Thales proposed that nature should be understood by replacing myth with logic。 Faraday discovers electromagic current, making possible generators and electric engines. British Association for the Advancement of Science founded 1834 Charles Babbage develops his analytic enginethe forerunner of the puter. Fox Talbot produces photographs. 1835 Colt revolver 1837 Morse develops the telegraph and Morse Code. Great Westernfirst oceangoing steamship. 1838 Daguerre perfects the Daguerrotype. 1839 Fox Talbot introduces photographic paper. 1840 Whewell, Philosophy of Inductive Sciences. 1842 Crawford Long uses ether in a minor operation. 1843 Great Britainfirst large, iron, screwpropelled steamship Typewriter invented. 1844 Chambers, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Commercial use of Morse’s telegraph (Baltimore to Washington). c. 1845 Turretlathe. 1846 Pneumatic tire patented First telegraph cable laid under the Channel. Ether used in a major operation. Elias Howe invents sewing machine. 1847 Boole, Mathematical Logic. 1849 Monier develops reinforced concrete. 1850 Petrol (gasoline) refining first used. Isaac Singer mercializes sewing machine Natural Science Honours School established at Oxford. 1851 Singer invents first practical sewing machine. Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge. 1854 Bessemer invents steel converter. 1855 Regius Chair of Technology founded at Edinburgh. Yale lock invented?！? 20 世紀科技大事記 |20 世紀科技大事記 本世紀初 1900 馬克斯 普朗克發(fā)現(xiàn)量子，為量子理論的誕生奠定了基礎(chǔ) 1901 古列爾莫 馬爾科尼在紐芬蘭接收到來自英國康沃爾的世界上第一個電報信號 1903 萊特兄弟成功地演示了機動飛機 1905 愛因斯坦發(fā)表相對論 1913 尼爾斯 玻爾和埃內(nèi)斯特 拉瑟福德發(fā)現(xiàn)原子結(jié)構(gòu) 1913 亨利 福特發(fā)明規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車的流動裝配線 二十年代 1920 第一個電臺廣播 1922 弗雷德里克 班廷和查爾斯 貝斯特發(fā)現(xiàn)胰島素 1924 埃德溫 哈勃首次發(fā)現(xiàn)銀河系外還有星系 1926 約翰 洛吉用無線電波進行首次電視廣播 1927 喬治斯 勒梅特提出宇宙起源的大爆炸理論 1928 亞歷山大 弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素 1929 埃德溫 哈勃提出宇宙膨脹理論 三十年代 1930 英國廣播公司開始電視廣播 1931 埃內(nèi)斯特 勞倫斯發(fā)明了用以研究加速后的原子顆粒行為的回旋加速器 1932 詹姆斯 查德威克提出原子核由質(zhì)子和中子構(gòu)成 四十年代 1942 恩里科 費米演示了第 一個受控核反應(yīng) 1945 首枚原子彈在美國新墨西哥州爆炸成功，一個月后原子彈落在日本廣島 和長崎 1946 第一臺電子計算機 ENIAC 誕生 五十年代 1952 喬納斯 索爾克發(fā)明抵御小兒麻痹癥的疫苗 1953 詹姆斯 沃森和弗朗西斯 克拉克等人發(fā)現(xiàn) DNA 的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu) 1954 首例腎移植手術(shù)成功 1957 蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射第一顆人造衛(wèi)星 六十年代 1960 斯蒂芬 霍金提出宇宙起源的大統(tǒng)一理論 60 年代 基因工程中用來切割 基因的限制性酶被發(fā)現(xiàn) 1961 蘇聯(lián)將第一名宇航員送上地球軌道 1964 默里 蓋爾 曼預言夸克子的存在 1967 人類首例心臟移植手術(shù)實施 1969 美國阿波羅號宇航員登月成功 七十年代 70年代 CT 診斷技術(shù)出現(xiàn) 70 年代 美國大學校園網(wǎng) ARPA 出現(xiàn) 1971 吉爾伯特 海厄特和英特爾公司制造出第一個商用計算機微處理器 1975 西澤 米爾斯坦和合作者培育出單克隆抗體 八十年代 80 年代 導致瘋牛病的毒蛋白被發(fā)現(xiàn) 1983 呂克 蒙塔尼耶和羅伯特 加洛分離出艾滋病毒 九十年代 1990 歐洲粒子物理實驗室的顧問蒂姆 伯納斯與同事羅伯特 卡約編寫的一套 軟件使得萬維網(wǎng)（ WWW）誕生 1990 哈勃太空望遠鏡發(fā)射 1996 用單個成年哺乳動物細胞培育的克隆羊 多利 在英國誕生 1997 科學家準確預測到太平洋赤道地區(qū)的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，大大減少了世界各 國因洪水和干旱造成的經(jīng)濟和社會損失 Science and Technology Timeline Glenn Everett, Associate Professor of English, University of Tennessee at Martin 1687 Newton, Principia. Until Einstein, Newton’s physics forms the foundation of modern science, provides the model for other sciences, and serves as the basic description of the natural laws governing the universe. 1692 Languedoc Canal connects the Mediterranean with the Bay of Biscay. 240 miles long, with 100 locks, 3 major aqueducts, 1 tunnel, and a summit reservoir. The largest canal project between Roman times and the nieenth century. 1708 Jethro Tull’s mechanical (seed) sower permits largescale planting in rows, for easier cultivation between the rows. 1709 Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron ore, replacing wood and charcoal as fuel. 1712 Thomas Newen builds first mercially successful steam engine. Able to keep deep coal mines clear of water. First significant power source other than wind and water. 1714 British Board of Longitude offers 163。 H. Spencer, Principles of Psychology. 1856 Bessemer’s converter enables mass production of steel . Perkin produces aniline dyes, permitting brightly colored cottons. 1857 Pasteur experiments with fermentation. 1858 First TransAtlantic Cable pleted Cathode rays discovered. 1859 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. Edwin Drake strikes oil in Pennsylvania. Etienne Lenoir demonstrates the first successful gasoline engine. 1860 Science degrees at University of London. 1861 Universal milling machine invented。 that all matter is made of water c. 585 . Thales correctly predicted solar eclipse c. 530 . Pythagoras developed mathematical theory c. 500 . Anaximenes introduced the ideas of condensation and rarefaction c. 450 . Anaxagoras proposed the first clearly materialist philosophy the universe is made entirely of matter in motion c. 370 . Leucippus and Democritus proposed that matter is made of small, indestructible particles 335 . Aristotle established the Lyceum。 wrote a book on magism 1608 Lippershey invented the telescope 1609 Galileo built 20X telescope, discovered craters and mountains on the moon 1609 Kepler announced his 1st and 2nd laws 1613 Galileo discovered sunspots 1614 Napier discovered logarithms 1616 Galileo called to Rome and ordered to stop supporting the Copernican theory 1619 Kepler announced his 3rd law 1619 The first slaves transported to America 1620 Bacon published Novum Organum (scientifi