【正文】 子彈落在日本廣島 和長(zhǎng)崎 1946 第一臺(tái)電子計(jì)算機(jī) ENIAC 誕生 五十年代 1952 喬納斯 索爾克發(fā)明抵御小兒麻痹癥的疫苗 1953 詹姆斯 沃森和弗朗西斯 克拉克等人發(fā)現(xiàn) DNA 的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu) 1954 首例腎移植手術(shù)成功 1957 蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射第一顆人造衛(wèi)星 六十年代 1960 斯蒂芬 霍金提出宇宙起源的大統(tǒng)一理論 60 年代 基因工程中用來切割 基因的限制性酶被發(fā)現(xiàn) 1961 蘇聯(lián)將第一名宇航員送上地球軌道 1964 默里 蓋爾 曼預(yù)言夸克子的存在 1967 人類首例心臟移植手術(shù)實(shí)施 1969 美國(guó)阿波羅號(hào)宇航員登月成功 七十年代 70年代 CT 診斷技術(shù)出現(xiàn) 70 年代 美國(guó)大學(xué)校園網(wǎng) ARPA 出現(xiàn) 1971 吉爾伯特 海厄特和英特爾公司制造出第一個(gè)商用計(jì)算機(jī)微處理器 1975 西澤 米爾斯坦和合作者培育出單克隆抗體 八十年代 80 年代 導(dǎo)致瘋牛病的毒蛋白被發(fā)現(xiàn) 1983 呂克 蒙塔尼耶和羅伯特 加洛分離出艾滋病毒 九十年代 1990 歐洲粒子物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室的顧問蒂姆 伯納斯與同事羅伯特 卡約編寫的一套 軟件使得萬維網(wǎng)（ WWW）誕生 1990 哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)射 1996 用單個(gè)成年哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞培育的克隆羊 多利 在英國(guó)誕生 1997 科學(xué)家準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)到太平洋赤道地區(qū)的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，大大減少了世界各 國(guó)因洪水和干旱造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)損失 Science and Technology Timeline Glenn Everett, Associate Professor of English, University of Tennessee at Martin 1687 Newton, Principia. Until Einstein, Newton’s physics forms the foundation of modern science, provides the model for other sciences, and serves as the basic description of the natural laws governing the universe. 1692 Languedoc Canal connects the Mediterranean with the Bay of Biscay. 240 miles long, with 100 locks, 3 major aqueducts, 1 tunnel, and a summit reservoir. The largest canal project between Roman times and the nieenth century. 1708 Jethro Tull’s mechanical (seed) sower permits largescale planting in rows, for easier cultivation between the rows. 1709 Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron ore, replacing wood and charcoal as fuel. 1712 Thomas Newen builds first mercially successful steam engine. Able to keep deep coal mines clear of water. First significant power source other than wind and water. 1714 British Board of Longitude offers 163。 that all matter is made of water c. 585 . Thales correctly predicted solar eclipse c. 530 . Pythagoras developed mathematical theory c. 500 . Anaximenes introduced the ideas of condensation and rarefaction c. 450 . Anaxagoras proposed the first clearly materialist philosophy the universe is made entirely of matter in motion c. 370 . Leucippus and Democritus proposed that matter is made of small, indestructible particles 335 . Aristotle established the Lyceum。 about 30,000 more people died within several weeks 1946 Gamow proposed the Big Bang hypothesis. 1946 The University of Pennsylvania developed the ENIAC puter, containing 18,000 vacuum tubes 1947 W. F. Libby invented radiocarbon dating 1947 Researchers at Bell Labs invented the transistor 1947 Discovery of the pion (predicted by Yukawa in 1935) 1948 Kinsey published Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 1951 Franklin discovered nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), helical shape 1952 The first sexchange surgery, transforming Gee Jensen into Christine Jensen 1953 Kinsey published Sexual Behavior in the Human Female 1953 Watson and Crick discovered DNA has double helix, posed of ATCG bases occuring in pairs (A with T, and C with G) 1953 Miller produced amino acids from inanic pounds and sparks 1953 Radioactive fluorine dating proved that the Piltdown Man artifact was a hoax 1956 Discovery of the neutrino (predicted by Pauli in 1930) 1957 The first artificial satellite, Sputnik, put into earth orbit 1958 . Congress established NASA 1959 First unmanned spacecraft hit the moon (Soviet Union) 1960 Maiman invented the ruby laser 1960 Javan invented the heliumneon laser 1960 Goodall studied chimpanzees in Tanzania 1960 Development and approval of the birth control pill 1961 A person orbited the earth for the first time (Yuri Gagarin) 1963 Vine and Matthews discovered that rock layers with particular magic orientations, indicating reversals of the earth’s magic field, are symmetrical about the midoceanic ridge, indicating that new crust is created at the ridge. 1963 GellMann proposed protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles (quarks) 1964 Discovery of a quasar 1964 Unmanned . spacecraft transmitted television pictures of the moon before hitting the surface 1964 Wilson and Penzias discovered the background microwave radiation of the universe 1965 The first space walk (Soviet Union) 1966 The first unmanned soft landing on the moon (Soviet Union) 1967 Salam and Weinberg developed a model to unite electromagism and the weak nuclear force. 1967 Bell and Hewish discover pulsars 1967 . astronauts Grissom, White and Chaffee killed during ground test。 contained recording of earth sounds, including music and greetings in 55 Earth languages 1977 Submarine Alvin explored midoceanic ridge, discovered chemosynthetic life 1979 First test tube baby from artificial insemination 1979 Voyager 1 and 2 photographed Jupiter 1980 Voyager 2 photographed Saturn 1980 Introduction of the the munication protocol that led to the Inter 1981 Binnig and Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope 1981 . launched the first space shuttle, Columbia 1982 First launch of munications satellites into orbit by space shuttle 1984 First retrieval of malfunctioning satellites, repair and relaunch by space shuttle 1984 Discovery of ozone hole over Antarctica 1986 Voyager 2 photographed Uranus。 calculated diameter of the earth c. 300 . The number of volumes in the Library of Alexandria reached 500,000 c. 220 . Archimedes made discoveries in mathematics and mechanics c. 150 . Ptolemy studied mathematics, science, geography。 structed fully automatede flour mill. 1801 Robert Trevithick demonstrates a steam lootive. 180322 Caledonian Ship Canal cuts