【導(dǎo)讀】1900馬克斯-普朗克發(fā)現(xiàn)量子，為量子理論的誕生奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1901古列爾莫-馬爾科尼在紐芬蘭接收到來自英國康沃爾的世界上第一個(gè)電報(bào)信號(hào)。1903萊特兄弟成功地演示了機(jī)動(dòng)飛機(jī)1905愛因斯坦發(fā)表相對(duì)論。1913尼爾斯-玻爾和埃內(nèi)斯特-拉瑟福德發(fā)現(xiàn)原子結(jié)構(gòu)。1913亨利-福特發(fā)明規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車的流動(dòng)裝配線。1920第一個(gè)電臺(tái)廣播。1924埃德溫-哈勃首次發(fā)現(xiàn)銀河系外還有星系。1928亞歷山大-弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素1929埃德溫-哈勃提出宇宙膨脹理論。1930英國廣播公司開始電視廣播。1931埃內(nèi)斯特-勞倫斯發(fā)明了用以研究加速后的原子顆粒行為的回旋加速器1932詹姆斯-查。德威克提出原子核由質(zhì)子和中子構(gòu)成。1945首枚原子彈在美國新墨西哥州爆炸成功，一個(gè)月后原子彈落在日本廣島和長崎。1954首例腎移植手術(shù)成功。1957蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。1961蘇聯(lián)將第一名宇航員送上地球軌道。1967人類首例心臟移植手術(shù)實(shí)施。1969美國阿波羅號(hào)宇航員登月成功。和干旱造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)損失

　　

【正文】 an photography electrical auras surrounding living specimens 1942 Fermi produced the first nuclear chain reaction in an experiment 1942 Establishment of the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb 1945 The first atomic bomb was detonated at Hiroshima, Japan about 70,000 people were killed instantly。 about 30,000 more people died within several weeks 1946 Gamow proposed the Big Bang hypothesis. 1946 The University of Pennsylvania developed the ENIAC puter, containing 18,000 vacuum tubes 1947 W. F. Libby invented radiocarbon dating 1947 Researchers at Bell Labs invented the transistor 1947 Discovery of the pion (predicted by Yukawa in 1935) 1948 Kinsey published Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 1951 Franklin discovered nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), helical shape 1952 The first sexchange surgery, transforming Gee Jensen into Christine Jensen 1953 Kinsey published Sexual Behavior in the Human Female 1953 Watson and Crick discovered DNA has double helix, posed of ATCG bases occuring in pairs (A with T, and C with G) 1953 Miller produced amino acids from inanic pounds and sparks 1953 Radioactive fluorine dating proved that the Piltdown Man artifact was a hoax 1956 Discovery of the neutrino (predicted by Pauli in 1930) 1957 The first artificial satellite, Sputnik, put into earth orbit 1958 . Congress established NASA 1959 First unmanned spacecraft hit the moon (Soviet Union) 1960 Maiman invented the ruby laser 1960 Javan invented the heliumneon laser 1960 Goodall studied chimpanzees in Tanzania 1960 Development and approval of the birth control pill 1961 A person orbited the earth for the first time (Yuri Gagarin) 1963 Vine and Matthews discovered that rock layers with particular magic orientations, indicating reversals of the earth’s magic field, are symmetrical about the midoceanic ridge, indicating that new crust is created at the ridge. 1963 GellMann proposed protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles (quarks) 1964 Discovery of a quasar 1964 Unmanned . spacecraft transmitted television pictures of the moon before hitting the surface 1964 Wilson and Penzias discovered the background microwave radiation of the universe 1965 The first space walk (Soviet Union) 1966 The first unmanned soft landing on the moon (Soviet Union) 1967 Salam and Weinberg developed a model to unite electromagism and the weak nuclear force. 1967 Bell and Hewish discover pulsars 1967 . astronauts Grissom, White and Chaffee killed during ground test。 Apollo program delayed 1968 Human beings orbited the moon for the first time (Apollo 8) 1969 People walked on the moon for the first time (Apollo 11) 1969 Meteorite in Australia found to contain amino acids 1970 Apollo 13 moon landing canceled due to severe malfunctions 1971 First unmanned spacecraft hit Mars (Soviet Union) 1971 Apollo 15 used the lunar rover 1971 First space station, Salyut 1, and first space docking (Soviet Union) 1972 Discovery of a 2 million year old humanlike fossil, Homo habilis, in Africa 1973 . launched Skylab space station 1974 Discovery of Lucy in Africa, an almost plete homonid skelton over 3 million years old, only 3 and a half feet tall but having adult teeth, a small brain, walked upright 1975 First unmanned soft landing on Venus (Soviet Union) 1975 The first space docking (Apollo and Soyuz) 1975 Invention of the CAT scanner (puterized axial tomography) 1976 Cosmic string theory was introduced 1977 Voyager spacecraft launched。 contained recording of earth sounds, including music and greetings in 55 Earth languages 1977 Submarine Alvin explored midoceanic ridge, discovered chemosynthetic life 1979 First test tube baby from artificial insemination 1979 Voyager 1 and 2 photographed Jupiter 1980 Voyager 2 photographed Saturn 1980 Introduction of the the munication protocol that led to the Inter 1981 Binnig and Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope 1981 . launched the first space shuttle, Columbia 1982 First launch of munications satellites into orbit by space shuttle 1984 First retrieval of malfunctioning satellites, repair and relaunch by space shuttle 1984 Discovery of ozone hole over Antarctica 1986 Voyager 2 photographed Uranus。 discovered moons 1986 Development of the first high temperature superconductors 1986 Soviet Union launched Mir space station 1986 . space shuttle Challenger exploded on launch, killing 7 astronauts 1989 Voyager 2 photographed Neptune。 discovered moons 1989 An asteroid came relatively close to colliding with the earth 1990 Hubble Space Telescope launched。 optical defect discovered 1991 Discovery of the buried crater near the Yucatan Peninsula, dated at 65 million years old 1992 Pope John Paul II acknowledged the Vatican’s error in the condemnation of Galileo 1993 Wiles proved Fermat’s Last Theorem, which had been first proposed in 1637 1993 Hubble Space Telescope repaired 1994 Hubble Space Telescope confirmed existence of a black hole 1994 Astronomers observed et ShoemakerLevy 9 (SL 9) colliding with Jupiter 1995 the second ./Russian space docking (Atlantis and Mir) 1995 Discovery of the top quark at Fermilab 1996 Pope John Paul II affirmed evolution by natural selection 1997 Microscopic analysis of meteorite led to belief in ancient life on Mars 1997 Pathfinder vehicle studied and photographed Mars