【正文】 irely of matter in motion c. 370 . Leucippus and Democritus proposed that matter is made of small, indestructible particles 335 . Aristotle established the Lyceum。re brothers develop Cinematograph. Roentgen discovers Xrays. 1896 Marconi patents wireless telegraph. Becquerel discovers radioactivity in uranium. 1897 Joseph Thomson discovers particles smaller than atoms. 1899 Aspirin invented. 1900 Planck develops quantum theory. First Zeppelin built. Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams. 1901 Marconi transmits first transAtlantic radio message (from Cape Cod). 1903 Wright brothers make first powered flight. 1905 Einstein, Special Theory of Relativity. 1908 Henry Ford massproduces the Model T. 1910 Paul Ehrlich develops Salvarsan, the first drug devised to overwhelm a microanism (syphilis) without offending the host. 1919 London to Paris air service begun. 1920 James Smathers develops the first electric typewriter. 1922 Radio broadcasting begins. 1926 Robert Goddard experiments with liquidfueled rockets. 1928 Alexander Fleming isolates penicillin. 1932 Empire State Building pleted. 1936 BBC begins regular television service. 1945 The atomic bomb: first New Mexico, then Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Scientists can never again close their eyes to the social effects of their discoveries. 1957 Sputnik. 1961 The USSR puts the first man (Yuri Gagarin) in space. 1969 Neil Armstrong sets foot on the moon. A Chronology of Significant Events in the History of Science and Technology c. 2725 . Imhotep in Egypt considered the first medical doctor c. 2540 . Pyramids of Egypt constructed c. 20xx . Chinese discovered magic attraction c. 700 . Greeks discovered electric attraction produced by rubbing amber c. 600 . Anaximander discovered the ecliptic (the angle between the plane of the earth’s rotation and the plane of the solar system) c. 600 . Thales proposed that nature should be understood by replacing myth with logic。 discovered moons 1986 Development of the first high temperature superconductors 1986 Soviet Union launched Mir space station 1986 . space shuttle Challenger exploded on launch, killing 7 astronauts 1989 Voyager 2 photographed Neptune。 Faraday discovers electromagic current, making possible generators and electric engines. British Association for the Advancement of Science founded 1834 Charles Babbage develops his analytic enginethe forerunner of the puter. Fox Talbot produces photographs. 1835 Colt revolver 1837 Morse develops the telegraph and Morse Code. Great Westernfirst oceangoing steamship. 1838 Daguerre perfects the Daguerrotype. 1839 Fox Talbot introduces photographic paper. 1840 Whewell, Philosophy of Inductive Sciences. 1842 Crawford Long uses ether in a minor operation. 1843 Great Britainfirst large, iron, screwpropelled steamship Typewriter invented. 1844 Chambers, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Commercial use of Morse’s telegraph (Baltimore to Washington). c. 1845 Turretlathe. 1846 Pneumatic tire patented First telegraph cable laid under the Channel. Ether used in a major operation. Elias Howe invents sewing machine. 1847 Boole, Mathematical Logic. 1849 Monier develops reinforced concrete. 1850 Petrol (gasoline) refining first used. Isaac Singer mercializes sewing machine Natural Science Honours School established at Oxford. 1851 Singer invents first practical sewing machine. Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge. 1854 Bessemer invents steel converter. 1855 Regius Chair of Technology founded at Edinburgh. Yale lock invented。 wrote a book on magism 1608 Lippershey invented the telescope 1609 Galileo built 20X telescope, discovered craters and mountains on the moon 1609 Kepler announced his 1st and 2nd laws 1613 Galileo discovered sunspots 1614 Napier discovered logarithms 1616 Galileo called to Rome and ordered to stop supporting the Copernican theory 1619 Kepler announced his 3rd law 1619 The first slaves transported to America 1620 Bacon published Novum Organum (scientific method and inductive reasoning) 1621 Snell discovered the law of refraction 1628 Harvey published a book describing blood circulation 1633 The Inquisition denounced Galileo 1637 Descartes Published Geometry 1638 Galileo published Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences, summarizing the principles of mechanics 1642 Pascal invented the mechanical adding machine 1650 Archbishop Usher estimated by reading the Bible that the earth was created on October 23, 4004 BC at 9:00 AM 1652 Pascal discovered laws of fluid pressure 1654 Guericke invented the vacuum pump 1660 Redi disproved theory of spontaneous generation with experiment on flies 1666 Newton invented the calculus 1666 Newton discovered glass prism separates white light into spectrum 1675 Leibniz independently invented the calculus 1687 Newton published Principia, describing the laws of motion 1690 Locke published Essay Concerning Human Understanding (empiricism, tabula rasa) 1692 The first witchcraft trials in Salem, Massachusetts 1704 Newton published Opticks 1738 Bernoulli proposed laws of fluid mechanics 1758 Linnaeus developed taxonomy of species, proposed binomial nomenclature 1764 Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny 1769 Watt invented the modern steam engine 1777 Lavoisier proposed idea of chemical pounds made of elements 1781 Herschel discovered Uranus 1783 Michel