【正文】 與悲情。吾生雖晚，世態(tài)炎涼卻已看透矣。是夜，窗外風雨如晦，吾獨坐陋室，聽一曲《塵緣》，合成詩韻一首，覺放諸古今，亦獨有風韻也。畢而臥。乙酉年七月初七。 2010年大學英語四級考試翻譯提高練習二翻譯——核心語法　　　　從句的用法在前文已有詳細講解，這里就不再贅述。　　(1)主語從句　　真題：__________(很多人沒有意識到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.()　　答案：What many people don’t realize　　(2)賓語從句　　真題：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn.()　　答案：is measured by how much they can loan　　(3)表語從句　　真題：In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).()　　答案：I am more likely to get tired than before　　(4)定語從句　　真題：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他們至今還沒有答案)()　　答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution　　真題：__________(與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.()　　答案：Compared with the place where I grew up　　真題：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我們可以合[ 此文轉貼于貴, ] 作的領域).()　　答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate　　(5)狀語從句　　真題：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.()　　答案：whatever it is(讓步狀語從句)　　真題：I am going to pursue this course, __________(無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).()　　答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語從句)　　真題：Some psychologists claim that people __________(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨)()　　答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(時間狀語從句)　　【真題】__________(大多數(shù)父母所關心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.()　　【解析】本題考查對主語從句的掌握。What在主語從句中作介詞的賓語?！　　敬鸢浮縒hat most parents are concerned about　　注：從句的用法參見完形填空部分對從句的講解?！　?2)if或but for等引導的條件句?！　　菊骖}】You would not have failed if__________(按照我的指令去做).()　　【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders　　【解析】本題較為容易，按照漢語意思直譯。根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應該采用had+過去分詞的結構。注意很多學生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語you，造成不必要的失分。在與過去事實相反的條件下，if引導的條件句時態(tài)是過去完成時態(tài)，主句謂語一般使用would have done。 　　倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點是部分倒裝，即只有系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞參與的倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結構hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首時所導致的倒裝?！　?2)虛擬倒裝?！　ere I you, I’ll never promise to do that.　　如果我是你，絕對不會答應那么做的。為突出強調某一成分而將它提至句首時，實行倒裝，如：　　 倒裝句　　So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.　　他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食?！　nly by working hard can we achieve what we want.　　我們只有通過努力工作才能獲得想要的東西?！　o moved was she that she could not say a word.　　她感動得說不出話來。解答此題需要考慮兩個層次，首先是動詞“收費”的對應詞，應當譯為“charge”。其次，not only…but…結構中出現(xiàn)了否定詞前置到句首的現(xiàn)象，這是倒裝的標志。　　【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much第三部分 翻譯——真題評析與提高　　1. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had___________(很難跟上班上同學)in maths and English. ()　　解題步驟　　(一)理解：分析此句，所翻譯的部分主要考查對習慣用法的掌握，而并不涉及句子時態(tài)問題?！　?1) 切塊對應翻譯：“很難做某事”= have difficulty (in) doing sth.，“跟上”=keep up with，“班上同學”= his classmates。核對所翻譯的句子是否符合英語習慣等。keep up with“跟上”　　2. The study shows that the poor functioning of human body is___________(與缺乏鍛煉密切相關). ()　　解題步驟　　(一)理解：分析此句, 本句時態(tài)已經(jīng)確定，所翻譯部分在be動詞is之后，所以充當表語成份?！　?二)表達：劃分成分本句的核心謂語動詞是show，其后引導一個賓語從句，“the poor functioning of human body”作賓語從句的主語，“與缺乏鍛煉密切相關”作表語?！　?2) 重新組合：closely linked/ related to the lack of exercise　　(三)校審：檢查“與……密切相關”、“缺乏鍛煉”用be closely linked/related to…，the lack of exercise來表達是否準確。　　正確答案closely linked to the lack of exercise/ closely related to the lack of exercise.　　考點剖析習慣用法： be closely linked/related to…“與……密切相關”?！　?二)表達：劃分成分，You’d better take a sweater with you是本句的主句部分， 從