【正文】
ased on Pro/eCandidate:Lu LiangliangSpecialty:MechanicalandHarbin摘 要配氣機(jī)構(gòu)作為內(nèi)燃機(jī)的重要組成部分,其設(shè)計(jì)合理與否直接關(guān)系到內(nèi)燃機(jī)的動(dòng)力性能、經(jīng)濟(jì)性能、排放性能及工作的可靠性、耐久性。配氣凸輪型線是配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的核心部分,配氣凸輪型線設(shè)計(jì)是配氣機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的重要途徑之一。本文對(duì)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)給零件形狀、尺寸進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),并且應(yīng)用proengineer進(jìn)行了實(shí)體建模,得到了配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的三維裝配圖。關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)燃機(jī);配氣機(jī)構(gòu);虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù);建模;仿真 ABSTRACTThe valve train is one of the most important mechanisms in a internal bustion engine, whether the performances are good or bad, that affecting the power performance, economic performance, emissions performance of the engine, as well as affecting the reliability and wear performances of the whole engine. Along with the requests of the engine’s high power, superspeed, people demand a higher index. That is, when the engine runs under a high speed, it can still work steadily and dependably, which demand that the valve train system should have a high performance. Cam profile is the hard core of the valve train, which design is one of the important ways to carry out valve train optimal design. Simulation calculation and experimentation research are two important ways to carry out research and development on valve train of internalbustion engine. This thesis devise the parts shape and dimension for the valve train, obtain the 3D assembly diagram base on model entities by proengineer. Importing the valve train to ADAMS software, then creating the constraints and adding drives. Sequentially, analyze the whole organization performance, after get the various data curve from valve train be capable simulation in ADAMS software. Finally, obtain the optimum design of valve train according to various data analysis. Key words: Internal bustion engine。 Virtual prototyping technology。 SimulationI目 錄 摘要…………………………………………………………………………………ⅠAbstract …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ第1章 緒論………………………………………………………………………………1 課題研究的目的和意義…………………………………………………………1 設(shè)計(jì)的目的……………………………………………………………… 1 設(shè)計(jì)的意義……………………………………………………………… 1 柴油機(jī)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀……………………………………………………………1 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容…………………………………………………………………………2 用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助配氣機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)分析………………………………………………3………………………………………………………………………3第2章 配氣機(jī)構(gòu)零部件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………5………………………………………………………………………………5 氣門設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求…………………………………………………… 5 …………………………………… 5 氣門頭的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………… 6 …………………………………………………………… 7 氣門的主要損壞形式和預(yù)防措施……………………………………… 8……………………………………………………………………9 氣門彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)要求…………………………………………………… 9 ………………………………………………………………… 9 氣門彈簧的有關(guān)計(jì)算……………………………………………………11………………………………………………………………………13 搖臂的工作原理…………………………………………………………13 ………………………………14 ………………………………………………………………………14 推桿的功能結(jié)構(gòu)形式……………………………………………………14 …………………………………………………………………14 挺柱的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………16 挺柱的結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………………………16 ……………………16 平面挺柱的最大速度……………………………………………………16 …………………………………………17 ………………………………………………………………………18 凸輪軸的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………19 凸輪軸基本要求…………………………………………………………19 ………………………………………………………………20 ………………………………………………………………………21第3章Proengineer和Adams軟件理論基礎(chǔ)……………………………………23……………………………………………………………23…………………………………………………………24 用Proe和Adams開發(fā)虛擬樣機(jī)的主要流程…………………………………24 多體動(dòng)力學(xué)………………………………………………………………………25…………………………………………………………………………28第4章 建模與仿真…………………………………………………………………29 Proe實(shí)體建模……………………………………………………………………29…………………………………………………………………32……………………………………………………………34…………………………………………35…………………………………………………………………………42結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………………43參考文獻(xiàn) ………………………………………………………………………………44致謝………………………………………………………………………………………46第1章 緒 論 課題研究的目的和意義建立在計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)體建模及可視化基礎(chǔ)上的虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)是應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代工程設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)及分析工具。為配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)提供便利。同時(shí),進(jìn)排氣閥門噪聲也是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲的主要來(lái)源之一。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲法規(guī)的日益嚴(yán)格的今天,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)排氣閥門的運(yùn)動(dòng)分析是很有意義的?,F(xiàn)代社會(huì)分工中,設(shè)計(jì)工作是一項(xiàng)各行業(yè)都需要的重要工作,其對(duì)行業(yè)的發(fā)展、各項(xiàng)工作的開展都有著重要的積極。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)為設(shè)計(jì)人員的工作帶來(lái)了巨大的變化,其極大的緩解了傳統(tǒng)手工制圖設(shè)計(jì)存在的勞動(dòng)量大、不易修改等缺點(diǎn),促進(jìn)了設(shè)計(jì)工作的改革以及工作效率的提高。過(guò)去的配氣機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),只單一研究凸輪,而沒有考慮其他零部件產(chǎn)生的影響。 為了準(zhǔn)確研究配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,了解氣門的實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,在機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析方面,目前已采用了多種 分析模型。它是將機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化成由一個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn)、彈簧及阻尼器組成的系統(tǒng),它把機(jī)構(gòu)的質(zhì)量簡(jiǎn)化到一個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn)上,把機(jī)構(gòu)的彈性等加到一個(gè)等剛度無(wú)質(zhì)量的彈簧上,阻尼等效到阻尼器上,該模型具有簡(jiǎn)單、方便等特點(diǎn),可以滿足一般的低、中速柴油機(jī)的要求,但由于把質(zhì)量和剛度都等效到一個(gè)點(diǎn)上,不能求出機(jī)構(gòu)各部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)和受力情況,不能判斷機(jī)構(gòu)零件之間是否發(fā)生飛脫,也無(wú)法得知彈簧的振動(dòng)情況。多自由度質(zhì)量模型具有比單自由度質(zhì)量模型更為真實(shí)反映實(shí)際機(jī)構(gòu)狀況的優(yōu)點(diǎn),利用多自由度質(zhì)量模型能精確地研究各傳動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律和受力情況,也能分析氣門彈簧的振動(dòng)情況[5~10]。20世紀(jì)初仿真技術(shù)已得到應(yīng)用。1940~1950年航空、航天和原子能技術(shù)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了仿真技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。采用仿真技術(shù),可以在計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)產(chǎn)品的部件裝配并進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,由仿真運(yùn)行可校核部件運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)