【正文】 來(lái)就住在這里 . (試與 She has lived there since 1970 比較 ) 4)I have been writing letters. 我一直在寫信 . (試與 I have written two letters 比較 .) 5)Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. 你去哪兒了 ?我們一直在找你 . (試與 I was looking for you everywhere 比較 . ) 6)I have just been watching TV. 我一直都在看電視 . . 例如 : 1)I have been telephoning to you several times in two days. 兩天內(nèi)我給你打過(guò)幾次電話 . 2)They have been drinking black tea all the afternoon. 他們一下午都在喝紅茶 . ,大部分時(shí)間都在持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 (不一定延續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí)候 ),往往暗示這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的影響 . 例如 : 1)What have you been doing this morning? (You look tried.) 你今天早晨干什么了 ? (看來(lái)你累了 .) 2)You have been reading newspapers. (Newspapers are lying about in your room.) 你一直在讀報(bào)吧 . (你的房間里到處攤著報(bào)紙 .) 3)You have been teaching. (Your pocket is covered with chalk dust.) 你剛才在教課吧 . (你口袋上有粉筆灰 .) 注 :現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示 “ 從過(guò)去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 ” 這一概念 , 有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用 ,但前者多用于口語(yǔ) .在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí) ,多用 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 。 I had been reading for hours at a stretch. 我連續(xù)讀了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的書 ,累極了 . (五 )過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài) .過(guò) 去將來(lái)時(shí)有以下幾種形式 : (1) should/would+動(dòng)詞原形 例如 :He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday. 他說(shuō) ,他要到上海度假 . (2)was/were going+動(dòng)詞不定式 .例如 : They were going to have a meeting. 他們?cè)?jīng)打算開個(gè)會(huì) . .例如 : I thought it was going to rain. 那時(shí)我以為要下雨了 . (3)was/were+動(dòng)詞不定式 was/were about+動(dòng)詞不定式 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示某種過(guò)去將來(lái)的意義 .例如 : 1)The foreign diplomats were to see the President. The White House was astir, making preparation. 外國(guó)使節(jié)將要會(huì)見總統(tǒng) .整個(gè)白宮都忙著做準(zhǔn)備 . (過(guò)去將來(lái) ) 2)We were to finish the work in three days. 我們打算三天內(nèi)完成任務(wù) . (過(guò)去的打算 ) 3)I was about to go out when a friend dropped in. 我剛要出去 ,來(lái)了一個(gè)朋友 . 4)He said the train was about to leave. 火車馬上就要來(lái)了 . (六 )將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) (1)構(gòu)成 shall/will be+現(xiàn)在分詞 (2)用法 .例如 : 1)This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期這時(shí)候 ,我們將在那個(gè)工廠勞動(dòng) . 2)When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be getting breakfast for me. 當(dāng)我明晨起床時(shí) ,我媽媽將在為我準(zhǔn)備早飯 . .例如 : 1)I will be seeing him next month. 我下個(gè)月就會(huì)看到他 . 2)Tomorrow we will be going to the village fair. 我們明天去趕集 . 3)We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我們?nèi)ズ＿叾燃?. 4)When will he be arriving? 他什么時(shí)候到 ? 5)Will you be telephoning him tomorrow? 你明天會(huì)不會(huì)給他打電話 ? 6)He will be taking his exams next week. 他下星期參加考試 . 7)You will be seeing Mary for the first time, won’t you? 你將第一次見到瑪麗 ,是嗎 ? 注 :一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)是將來(lái) ,但將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示主觀上某事即 將發(fā)生而不表示個(gè)人意愿 . (七 )將來(lái)完成時(shí) (1)構(gòu)成 shall/will + have + 過(guò)去分詞 (2)用法 將來(lái)完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞主要表示在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或?qū)?lái)的某一時(shí)刻之前完成的動(dòng)作 ,這一動(dòng)作也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 .例如 : 1)By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. 如果火車運(yùn)行正常，我們今天下午七點(diǎn)就到上海了 . 2)Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have pleted his work. 到上床睡覺的時(shí)候 ,小明會(huì)做完他的工作 (或作業(yè) ). 3)By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 到明年二月 ,這個(gè)外國(guó)專家在這兒做這項(xiàng)工作 就滿五年了 . Exercises 1. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to ? take the machine apart to put it right. A) had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking ? 2. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are ? being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging ? 3. Ever since Picasso’s went on exhibit, there ______ large crowds ? at the museum every day. A) is B) has been C) have been D) are being 1. My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _____ by then. A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left ? 2. The conference a full week by the time it ends_____. A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted ? 3. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of ? cement in the factory_____ by about 10%. A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising ? 4. By the end of the year all but two people_____. A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left. ? 5. By the end of this month, we surely _____a satisfactory ? solution to the problem. A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are finding ? 6. Lydia _________there before she went to New York. ? A) has lived B) living C) lived D) had been living ? 1. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, ______from the sort of candles used only in churches. A) had e B) ing C) e D) that came ? 2. Until then, his family ______ from him for six months. A) didn’t hear B) hasn’t