語言學(xué)名詞解釋和簡答題的出題范圍-(修復(fù)的)-展示頁
2024-08-08 09:52本頁面
【正文】 d “one of the founders of structural linguistics and “father of modern linguistics”?He helped to set the study of human behavior on a new footing (basis).He helped to promote semiology.He clarified the formal strategies of Modernist thoughts.He attached importance to the study of the intimate relation between language and human mind.2. What are the similarities and differences between Saussure’s langue and parole and Chomsky’s petence and performance?The similarities (1) language and petence mainly concerns the user’s underlying knowledge。 parole and performance are concrete.The differences (1) according to Saussure, language is a mere systematic inventory of items。 according to Chomsky, petence was restricted to a knowledge of grammar.3. What is the conflict between descriptive adequacy and explanatory adequacy? And what is Chomsky’s solution to this conflict?a theory of grammar: descriptively adequate should adequately describe the grammatical dada of a language.should not just focus on a fragment of a language.a theory of grammar: explanatorily adequateshould explain the general form of language.should choose among alternative descriptivelyadequate grammars.should essentially be about how a child acquires a grammar.A theory of grammar should be both descriptively and explanatorily adequate.But there is a conflict:To achieve DA, the grammar must be very detailed.To achieve EA, the grammar must be very simple. (think why?)because the child can learn a language very easily on very little language exposure.Chomsky’s solution:construct a simple UGlet individual grammars be derivable from UG4. What are Chomsky’s contributions to the linguistic revolution?Chomsky’s contribution to the linguistic revolution is that he showed the world a totally new way of looking at language and at human nature, particularly the human mind. Chomsky challenged behaviorism and empiricism because he believes that language is innate.Rationalism (vs. empiricism in philosophy)Empiricist evidence is often unreliable.Innateness (vs. behaviorism in psychology)Children can acquire a plicated language on the basis of very limited exposure to speech.This indicates that UG is innate faculty.5. How to pare and contrast Generative Linguistics and SystemicFunctional Linguistics from perspectives of epistemology, theoretical basis, research tasks and methodology?Epistemology認(rèn)識論Theoretical baseResearch tasksMethodologySFGViews language as a part of social system amp。 sociological perspective1. Malinowski’s theory of anthropology2. Firth’s theory of System amp。 language system
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