傳染病學(xué)英文名解及問(wèn)答題(含答案)-展示頁(yè)
2024-08-07 13:19本頁(yè)面
【正文】 em do. The symptoms are similar to septicemia.25. rose spots(玫瑰疹)：They are blanking pink macular spots 24 mm in diameter at day 7~13 of typhoid fever. The rash is seen most monly on the thorax and abdomen, rarely on back and the extremities. 26. relative bradycardia(相對(duì)緩脈)：it means pulsetemperature dissociation. It is usually defined as increase in heart rate 10 beats/minutes/1176。C increase in temperature in adults. It is usually seen in typhoid fever, acute schistosomiasis, severe jaundice, et al.27. herxheimer reaction(赫氏反應(yīng)): It is caused as a direct result of using spirocheticidal drugs (mainly antibiotics) to treat individuals with a spirochetal disease which results in an increase in the symptoms of the treated condition.28. hemolytic urinemic syndrome /black urine fever: A serious, often fatal plication of malaria, characterized by an acute intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and hemolytic jaundice. It is often provoked by antimalarial drugs.29. ectopic lesion(異位損害): the schistosome eggs and/or adult worm migrate and parasitize the organs outside the portal venous system and cause damages. It is relatively high in lung and brain.30. Hepatorenal syndrome: Acute renal failure occurring without other cause in a person with severe liver disease. The exact cause of hepatorenal syndrome is unknown. The kidney structure remains essentially normal and the kidneys often will instantly function well if the liver disease is corrected.31. Widal’s test: A test involving agglutination of typhoid bacilli when they are mixed with serum containing typhoid antibodies from an individual having typhoid fever。l Covert infection or subclinical infection, it is usually the most mon。l Latent infection: it is usually seen in herpesviridae, tuberculosis, malaria, et al.2. Please describe briefly the factors involved in the pathogenecity of a pathogen(致病能力包括哪幾個(gè)方面)?l Invasiveness: the ability of the agent to enter and to move through tissues。l Quantity: bigger quantity, stronger pathogenecity in the same disease。 l Progressively deepened jaundice。l Hepatorenal syndrome。l Bleeding pronenss。l Increased liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin, prothrombin time and globulin。l May have history of recent ingestion of undercooked shellfish or sewagecontaminated water.8. the principal of wound treatment after bitten by a rabid dog(被狂犬咬傷后傷口處理)? The wound should be thoroughly cleansed for half an hour, preferably with a quaternary ammonium detergent(季胺類消毒液) or 20% soap (which can not be mixed together)。 damaged tissues should be excised and the wound left unsatured. Rabies can usually be prevented if treatment is started within a day or two of biting. For maximum protection hyperimmune serum and vaccine are required. One should pay attention to tetanus and infection of other bacteria.9. the key points of blood culture（1）before administration of antibiotics and during chills or high fever；（2）repeat more than 3 times；（3）the amount of the blood sample should be＞10ml in adults or older children, ＞5ml in infants；（4）blood samples should be treated with chemicals if antibiotics was used before or use blood clot for culture. ⑸ bone marrow culture is remended。 ② antishock therapy。 ④ if clinical signs suggest cerebral edema or the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is very high, measures to reduce brain swelling are indicated。 ⑥ supportive therapy to maintain vital organs. 11. main manifestation of cholera（霍亂）. Cholera is an acute, sometimes fulminant watery diarrheal disease resulting from an enterotoxin elaborated by Vibiro. Cholerae in the small intestine. It generally occurs in epidemics and may cause a rapid massive gastrointestinal fluid loss with extreme saline depletion, acidosis, and shock.12 main manifestation of malaria(瘧疾)The first symptoms of malaria are nonspecific, including the lack of a sense of wellbeing, fever, headache, fatigue, and abdominal disfort. The classic“trilogy” of m
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