傳染病學(xué)英文名解及問(wèn)答題(含答案)-文庫(kù)吧
2025-07-08 13:19 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 pidly in the blood stream, these organisms liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs.22. bacteriemia（菌血癥）：The bacteria enter the blood and multiply in it, but stay only a short time and don’t liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs. 23. pyemia（膿毒血癥）: The multiplying site of bacteria is also in the blood, but it is caused by pyogenic（化膿性的）grampositive cocci, metastatic lesions are always present, the symptoms are the same as septicemia.24. toxemia（毒血癥）: The bacteria only live and multiply in the local parts of the body, they don’t enter the blood stream, but the toxins and metabolites liberated by them do. The symptoms are similar to septicemia.25. rose spots(玫瑰疹)：They are blanking pink macular spots 24 mm in diameter at day 7~13 of typhoid fever. The rash is seen most monly on the thorax and abdomen, rarely on back and the extremities. 26. relative bradycardia(相對(duì)緩脈)：it means pulsetemperature dissociation. It is usually defined as increase in heart rate 10 beats/minutes/1176。C increase in temperature in adults. It is usually seen in typhoid fever, acute schistosomiasis, severe jaundice, et al.27. herxheimer reaction(赫氏反應(yīng)): It is caused as a direct result of using spirocheticidal drugs (mainly antibiotics) to treat individuals with a spirochetal disease which results in an increase in the symptoms of the treated condition.28. hemolytic urinemic syndrome /black urine fever: A serious, often fatal plication of malaria, characterized by an acute intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and hemolytic jaundice. It is often provoked by antimalarial drugs.29. ectopic lesion(異位損害): the schistosome eggs and/or adult worm migrate and parasitize the organs outside the portal venous system and cause damages. It is relatively high in lung and brain.30. Hepatorenal syndrome: Acute renal failure occurring without other cause in a person with severe liver disease. The exact cause of hepatorenal syndrome is unknown. The kidney structure remains essentially normal and the kidneys often will instantly function well if the liver disease is corrected.31. Widal’s test: A test involving agglutination of typhoid bacilli when they are mixed with serum containing typhoid antibodies from an individual having typhoid fever。 used to detect the presence of Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi.Part Ⅱ: Qustion.1. the five manifestation of infection(感染過(guò)程的五種表現(xiàn))l Pathogen is killed or eliminated。l Covert infection or subclinical infection, it is usually the most mon。l Overt infection or clinical infection: the pathogen enter the host and caused damages as well as immunological response. It is usually easy to be recognized in clinics.l Carrier state: It is a very important source of infection。l Latent infection: it is usually seen in herpesviridae, tuberculosis, malaria, et al.2. Please describe briefly the factors involved in the pathogenecity of a pathogen(致病能力包括哪幾個(gè)方面)?l Invasiveness: the ability of the agent to enter and to move through tissues。l Virulence: it is consists of toxins and other virulent factors。l Quantity: bigger quantity, stronger pathogenecity in the same disease。l Variability: The pathogen may mutate under the pressure of the environment or host. 3. the prerequisite of an epidemic of a municable disease?(傳染病流行的必要條件) Three prerequisite are required for a municable disease to spread. First, there must be a source of infection which disseminate pathogen continuously. Second, there must some persons who lack special immunity to the disease, ie, susceptible. Last, the pathogen must reach the susceptible, the route of transmission.4. the basic characteristic of municable disease（傳染病的基本特征）? The main difference between municable disease and other disease is that the former has four basic characteristics. All municable diseases are infectious diseases and both
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