【正文】 控調(diào)速器來(lái)代替原有的機(jī)械式調(diào)速器，對(duì)齒條或滑套位置予以控制，從而對(duì)油量進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，并通過(guò)電控液壓提前器代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的機(jī)械或液壓式提前器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)噴油正時(shí)的控制，提高控制精度和響應(yīng)速度，是電控柴油機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)的早期產(chǎn)品。僅1993年統(tǒng)計(jì)，德國(guó)BOSCH公司的電控分配泵和電控直列泵在市場(chǎng)上已超25萬(wàn)臺(tái)，美國(guó)底特律柴油機(jī)公司DDEC電控泵噴嘴系統(tǒng)已有10萬(wàn)多臺(tái)投放市場(chǎng)，日本的Zexel公司可變預(yù)行程的TICS直列泵已達(dá)2萬(wàn)多臺(tái)，其中絕大部分是電控的。柴油機(jī)電子控制的研究比汽油機(jī)晚20年的時(shí)間，但是汽油機(jī)電控技術(shù)促進(jìn)了柴油機(jī)電控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，從上世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始，柴油機(jī)的電控技術(shù)得到了迅速發(fā)展。1967年，德國(guó)BOSCH公司開(kāi)始批量生產(chǎn)用進(jìn)氣管絕對(duì)壓力控制空燃比的DJetronic模擬式電子控制汽油噴射系統(tǒng)，裝備在大眾汽車(chē)公司生產(chǎn)的VW21600型轎車(chē)上，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了汽油噴射系統(tǒng)電子控制新時(shí)代。柴油機(jī)電控噴油器共軌發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的面市，該表了柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的控制模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了精確控制，使排放物更加清潔，減小了柴油機(jī)做功粗暴所產(chǎn)生的噪音，提高了車(chē)輛的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和舒適性。隨著國(guó)家對(duì)環(huán)境治理力度的加強(qiáng)，對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣排放的要求相對(duì)的提高了，特別是對(duì)柴油機(jī)的排放要求更加的嚴(yán)格，必須達(dá)到歐III排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能夠進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售。1988年歐洲柴油機(jī)轎車(chē)的銷(xiāo)售量占轎車(chē)銷(xiāo)售總量的15％，到1998年已經(jīng)上升到25％，2003年已經(jīng)超過(guò)32％，專家預(yù)測(cè)到2007年將超過(guò)50％。柴油機(jī)與汽油機(jī)相比，在節(jié)油和HC、CO、CO排放方而都具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。關(guān)鍵詞：柴油機(jī)；單片機(jī)；噴油泵；控制系統(tǒng)System of diesel engine fuel injection controlAbstractDiesel engines have been widely applied in the world because of their efficiency, economy and reliability．Electronically controlled fuel injection is one of important research directions in the diesel engine field．Introduction of electronic control techniques into diesel engine can not only improve the drivability and economy considerably．but reduce their exhaust emissions and injection system of diesel engine as long as it is made of high fuel injection pump，injector highpressure tubing connected fuel injection pump and the with the country to strengthen environmental regulation，on vehicle emissions requirements relative increase，Especially for the diesel engine emission requirements more stringent,So the injection system must be able to ensure that the diesel bustion,To ensure the reliability of diesel engine with power and transportation of ,have high requirements for fuel injection system,To change the control mode of the diesel engine and precise emissions of more clean,reduce the diesel engine work rude noise,improve vehicle economy and fort.The executive mechanism is the key techniques in the diesel engine electronic control technology．In this paper detailed designs on control mechanisms and sensors are presented and control tactics are investigated also．As the core of diesel engine electronic control system．The whole process of ECU hardware and software designs is specified，moreover requisite software and hardware measures are taken in the system antidisturbance performance．Besides，in order to calibrate the parameters of diesel engines，the electronically controlled unit of VE distributor pump is presented based on the CAN field bus．It adopts the simple and practical design of the electronically Controlled unit by CAN field bus munication and make the bottom processor and the top puter municate and the parameters of the electronically controlled unit can be monitored．This paper expounds the application of singlechip microputer in diesel fuel injection pump (BOSCH pump) control,mainly to achieve precise control of fuel injection pump rack position,so as to realize the accurate control of injection quantity,Improve the fuel injection system and the purpose of environmental protection.The system uses the more familiar 89C51 microcontroller as control core,The inductive sensor as the feedback and signal acquisition,use optocoupler driving circuit to make the input and the output are isolated from each other,so that the antiinterference ability of the circuit to use of PID control algorithm of the control system stability,robustness.Keywords：Diesel enging；Microcontroller；Fuel injection pump；Control system目 錄第一章 緒論 1 論文選題背景及研究 1 柴油機(jī)電控噴油系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài) 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外電控燃油系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2 論文研究的主要內(nèi)容 6第二章 方案論證 7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要求 7 系統(tǒng)方案論證 7 單片機(jī)的選擇論證 7 傳感器選擇論證 9第三章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 12 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu) 12 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) 13 復(fù)位電路 14 振蕩電路 15 位置式傳感器的工作特點(diǎn) 16 傳感器檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) 17 傳感器激勵(lì)電路設(shè)計(jì) 19 AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì) 19 位移執(zhí)行器驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) 20 CAN總線模塊設(shè)計(jì) 21 電源模塊設(shè)計(jì) 22第四章 系統(tǒng)流程圖及軟件設(shè)計(jì) 23 系統(tǒng)流程圖 23 CAN總線控制流程圖 25 PID控制系統(tǒng) 25 PID控制框圖設(shè)計(jì) 26 齒條位移閉環(huán)增量式PID控制 26 PID流程圖 28 PID控制參數(shù)整定 28總 結(jié) 30致 謝 31參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 32IV第一章 緒論 論文選題背景及研究柴油機(jī)自問(wèn)世以來(lái)，就以其高效、節(jié)能等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而在車(chē)用動(dòng)力中占有非常重要的地位，特別是近些年來(lái)，柴油機(jī)的應(yīng)用有逐漸擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。本文闡述了采用單片機(jī)對(duì)柴油機(jī)噴油泵（BOSCH噴油泵）進(jìn)行控制，主要實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)噴油泵內(nèi)齒條位置的準(zhǔn)確控制，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)噴油量的準(zhǔn)確控制，達(dá)到改善噴油系統(tǒng)和環(huán)保的目的。此外，為了完善柴油機(jī)電控系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)，提出了柴油機(jī)標(biāo)定系統(tǒng)。電控單元硬件、軟件設(shè)計(jì)是電控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的核心。執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的控制研究是柴油機(jī)電控技術(shù)研究的關(guān)鍵。隨著國(guó)家對(duì)環(huán)境治理力度的加強(qiáng)，對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣排放的要求相對(duì)的提高了，特別是對(duì)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的排放要求更加嚴(yán)格，所以噴油系統(tǒng)必須能夠保證柴油機(jī)使柴油充分的燃燒，保證柴油機(jī)有足夠的動(dòng)力和運(yùn)輸?shù)目煽啃?。采用電控技術(shù)后，將有效改善柴油機(jī)的動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性，降低柴油機(jī)的有害排放。長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）摘要柴油機(jī)的高效、節(jié)能使得汽車(chē)的柴油機(jī)化日趨明顯。電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)也成為目前柴油機(jī)領(lǐng)域的重要發(fā)展方向之一。柴油機(jī)的噴油系統(tǒng)主要是由高噴油泵、噴油器和連接噴油泵與噴油器的高壓管組成。這樣，就對(duì)噴油系統(tǒng)有較高的要求，改變了柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的控制模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了精確的控制，使排放更加清潔，減小了柴油機(jī)做功粗暴所產(chǎn)生的噪音，提高了車(chē)輛的經(jīng)濟(jì)型和舒適性。本文在給出了油量執(zhí)行結(jié)構(gòu)及其位置傳感器、供油定時(shí)控制機(jī)構(gòu)及其提前角檢測(cè)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，并對(duì)其控制策略進(jìn)行了研究。本文詳細(xì)地討論了電控單元硬件、軟件設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，完成了硬件電路和