【正文】 philosophical and artistic ideas. 當代哲學和藝術思想 The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science,理性平等科學 and they also advocated universal 1 約翰 班楊 John Bunyan 16281688 18 年坐牢， Christianity 基督教 the pilgrim‘s progress‖the vanity fair‖ is the most successful religious allegory 宗教寓言in the English language. Metaphor 暗喻 life as a journey search for spiritual salvation Style: Moded after the Bible, language:e asy to read,colloquial, concrete and concise form: allegorian form,reallystic,true to life. 2 亞歷山大 蒲 柏 Alexander Pope 16881744 The first to introduce rationalism 理性主義 to England. an essay an criticism《論批評》 didactic/sermon poem written in heroic couplets. 句子理解： On fruit trees,where leaves are plentiful,fruit will be few. Similarly,in a piece of writing,where too many fine words are used ,good sense will be much reduced. The theme of this poem:Pope advises the critics not to stresss too much the artificeial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language but to pay special attention to True Wit which is best set in a plain style. the rape of the lock奪發(fā)記 satirized the foolish,meaningless life of the lords and the ladies. His best satiric work is the Dunciad群愚史詩 3 丹尼爾 笛福 Daniel defoe 16601731 butcher‘s family 賣肉家庭 English middle –class the trueborn Englishman Robinson Crusoemasterpiece, Robinson is the empire builder,the pioneer colonist. The theme: A man‘s strugglees against nature B glorifyication of the bourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardship and determineation to improve his livelihood. C glorifyication of labor(Robinson lives on his own hands) 笛福的創(chuàng)作特點： Defoe was a very good had a gift for anizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible 可信 and fascinating 神奇 .his sentences are sometimes short,crisp 短小干脆 and plain,and sometimes long and rambling,which leave on the reader an impression of casual language is smooth,easy,colloquial 口語 and mostly vernacular方言 .there is nothing artificeial in his language: it is mon English at its best. 4 喬納森 斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 16671745 a tale of a tub the battle of the books Gulliver‘s travelsthe greatest satiric work a modest proposala greatest and bitterest satire. Lilliput yahoos bitter satire 5 亨利 菲爾丁 Henry Fielding 17071754 Born of an old aristocratic family. 老貴族家庭 ―father of the English novel‖ “ the thirdperson narration‖第三人稱敘述 the history of TomJones ,a foundling ―prose homer‖散文荷馬 ‖ ic epic in prose‖散文體喜劇史詩 : 1 the descryiption in a grand style of classic epic.‖classic epic‖has: A a great hero Bcalls on Muses C give a list of names of gods D pare small fights to great wars. 2 use verifyied language to narrate a small fight 3 different figure of speech .esp,irony 諷刺 ,hyperbole 夸張 the history of Amelia 費爾丁的語言特色： Fielding‘s language is easy, unlaboured and familiar,自然流暢通俗易懂 but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic邏輯性 and rhythm,韻律性 and his structure carefully planed towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively,dramatic dialogues 戲劇性對話 and other theatrical devices such as suspendse,懸念coincidence 巧合 and 6 塞繆爾 約翰遜 Sumuel Johnson 17091784 A bookseller‘s family He is a poet,dramatist,prose romancer,biographer,essayist,critic,lexicographyer and publicist. Lexicographer 詞典編纂者 –a dictionary of the English language 英文大詞典 to the right honorable the Earl of Chesterfield 致切斯特菲爾德勛爵的信， 七 年 Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the late 18th century. Johnson‘s style is typically neoclassical,but it is at the opposite extreme from Swift‘s simplicity 簡單 or Addison‘s neatenss 整潔 .his language is characteristically general籠統(tǒng) ,often Latinate 拉丁語 and frequently his sentences are long and well structured,interwoven 混雜 交織 with parallet 排比對仗 words and ,no matter how plex his sentences are,the thought is always clearly expressed。英美文學重點總結 第一部份 英國文學 上古及中世紀英國文學 Old and Medieval English literature 上古： 450 to 1066 中世紀 。106614 世紀中葉 Celts Old English poetry: the religious group and the secular one Beowulf: national epic poem Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. The Canterbury Tales The father of English poetry English Homer In the medieval period ： use narrative verse of prose to tell stories of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. 第一章 文藝復興時期 the Renaissance Period 14th and mid17th centuries Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Golden Age It started in Italy Henry VIII Defender of the Faith Bible in English ancient Roman and Greekculture class struggle Petrarch poetry and poetic drama Elizabethan drama Famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe ,William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson 1 埃德蒙 斯賓塞 Edmund Spenser15521599 ―Our sweetest songs are those that sing of saddest feelings‖ The Shepheardes Calender Epithalamion The faerie Queene《仙后》 the theme: Fierce warres and faithfull loves allegory Redcross knight and Una. The poets‘ poet 12virtues 12books Arthur Gloriana The five main qualities of spenser‘s poetryare: 1 a perfect melody 2 a rare sense of beauty 3a splendid imagination 4a lofty moral purity and seriousness 5a dedicated idealism and use strange forms of speech and obsolete words. 2 克 里斯托夫 馬洛 Christopher Marlowe15641593 Six plays black verse: the principal medium of English drama Renaissance hero the pioneer of English drama “ University Wits‖ Tamburlaine ambitious and pitiless Tarter conqueror 浮士德博士的悲劇 German legend confinement to time The theme of :A :it celebr