【正文】 大驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)，這種電路簡單直觀，更容易被接受，且用到的器件十分簡單成本較低。采用集成電路芯片，節(jié)省空間和元器件。 方案二： 采用專用集成電路芯片A3992驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)，用單片機(jī)控制A3992的輸入使之工作在占空比可調(diào)的開關(guān)狀態(tài)，精確調(diào)整電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。圖11單片機(jī)控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)大體方案圖單片機(jī)控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊部分：方案一： 在電動(dòng)機(jī)前段加電位器使之分壓減少以降低轉(zhuǎn)速；同時(shí)在前端并聯(lián)一個(gè)電容可以使電動(dòng)機(jī)緩慢加速從而避免突然加速對系統(tǒng)的沖擊。實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的正常起、停，正、反轉(zhuǎn)，升、降速控制和步距角的檢測與控制，步進(jìn)電機(jī)不失步措施。 Meanwhile , IIe state in electrical machinery go on , control with keyboard , in charge of rotational speed to reveal electrical machinery with number, adopt CD4511 urge as 5 single number display that in charge of , from the input signal of the onechip puter。本設(shè)計(jì)采用單片機(jī)AT89C51對步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行控制，通過IO口輸出的具有時(shí)序的方波作為步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制信號(hào)，信號(hào)經(jīng)過芯片L298N驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)，通過PWM脈寬調(diào)制解調(diào)技術(shù)對步進(jìn)電機(jī)調(diào)速，同時(shí)，用鍵盤來對電機(jī)的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行控制，并用數(shù)碼管顯示電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，采用CD4511作為5位單個(gè)數(shù)碼管的顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)顯示步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和步距角。單片機(jī)主要應(yīng)用于控制領(lǐng)域，由于其具有可靠性高、體積小、價(jià)格低、易于產(chǎn)品化等特點(diǎn)，因而在智能儀器儀表、實(shí)時(shí)工業(yè)控制、智能終端、通信設(shè)備、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等自控領(lǐng)域獲得廣泛應(yīng)用?；趩纹瑱C(jī)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)2009年5月24號(hào)I摘 要 摘 要單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)簡稱單片機(jī)。它是把組成微型計(jì)算機(jī)的各功能部件：中央處理器、CPU、隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器RAM、只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、I/O接口電路、定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器以及串行通信接口等制作在一塊集成芯片中，構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的微型計(jì)算機(jī)。步進(jìn)電機(jī)是一種能將電脈沖信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成角位移或線位移的機(jī)電元件,實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種數(shù)字/角度轉(zhuǎn)換器步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)主要由步進(jìn)控制器,環(huán)形分配器,控制邏輯及正,反轉(zhuǎn)控制門等組成,能把輸入的脈沖轉(zhuǎn)換成環(huán)形脈沖,以便控制步進(jìn)電機(jī),用軟件代替上述步進(jìn)控制器,使得線路簡單,成本低,可靠性大大增加,靈活改變步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制方案,尤其在本系統(tǒng)中更顯示出微機(jī)控制的優(yōu)越性。關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī)；步進(jìn)電機(jī)；PWM脈寬調(diào)制；CD4511；L298N ABSTRACTABSTRACTThe single slice of microputers is abbreviated as the onechip puter. It is every function part which makes up the microputer: Central processing unit, CPU, arbitrary access memory RAM , readonly memory ROM, I/O interface circuit , timer / counter and serial munication interface ,etc. make in the integrated chip together, form an intact microputer. Onechip puter apply controlled field to mainly, because it have dependability high , small , price low , easy mercialization ,etc. characteristic, therefore won extensive application in fields of automatic control such as intellectual instrument and apparatus , realtime industrial control , intelligent terminal , munication equipment , navigation system , household appliances ,etc.It is that one kind can change the electric pulse signal into a electromechanical ponent of angle displacement or line displacement to walk into the electrical machinery, it is a kind of figure / angle converter that is walked into the control system of the electrical machinery to mainly walk into the controller in fact, power amplifier and walking into the electrical machinery ,etc. make up . Walked into the controller to buffer the register , the annular distributor, control logic and, overturn , control door ,etc. make up , can change the pulse input into into an annular pulse , in order to control , walk into electrical machinery , can carry on positive and negative to control. But because walk into the controller circuit plicatedly. With high costs. Adopt onechip puter control , replace with software described above to walk into the controller , make the circuit simple, with low costs, dependability increases greatly, change the control scheme of walking into the electrical machinery flexibly , do not need logical circuit to make up the time sequence generator . Software programming very flexible to produce , walk into electrical machinery excitation array e , control various operation way to walk into electrical machinery and can realize one machine control many sets of electrical machinery while being different kinds of. It is easy to realize to offer the flexible control means and improving the precision of controlling to plicated and tedious control, demonstrate the superiority that the puter controls especially in this system even more.Design , adopt , insult male genital puter AT89C51 to walk into electrical machinery control originally, square wave with time sequence as the control signal of walking into the electrical machinery through what IO mouth is outputted, the signal drives and walks into the electrical machinery through the chip L298N。 Utilize the pronunciation function of insulting the open onechip puter to report the rotational speed of the electrical machinery.Keyword: MCU；Stepping Moter；PWM impulse width modulate；CD4511；L298NIII目 錄目 錄摘要 IAbstract…………………………………………………………………………… II1緒論…………………………………………………………………………………1………………………………………………………………………………1……………………………………………………………1………………………………………………………………32控制系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………6………………………………………………………… 6…………………………………………………………………6………………………………………………………………9………………………………………………………………… 19 LM7805CK簡介……………………………………………………… 19……………………………………………………… 19…………………………………………………………… 20……………………………………………………… 24………………………………………………………… 28…………………………………………………………………… 32……………………………………………………… 32……………………………………………………… 33…………………………………………………… 34…………………………………………………………… 35…………………………………………………………… 35…………………………………………………… 35………………………………………………… 36…………………………………………………………… 363抗干擾措施……………………………………………………………………… 37……………………………………………………………… 37……………………………………………………………… 37結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………… 39致謝………………………………………………………………………………… 40參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………… 41附錄………………………………………………………………………………… 42附錄A……………………………………………………………………………… 42附錄B……………………………………………………………………………… 43附錄C……………………………………………………………………………… 44河北工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書1緒論單片機(jī)對步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工業(yè)控制使用、工作原理和機(jī)械特性，控制系統(tǒng)對步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行檢測、控制。單片機(jī)通過P2口發(fā)出脈沖信號(hào)來給驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的器件L298N發(fā)出控制信號(hào)；通過P0口來控制七段顯示譯碼管來顯示步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和步距角；通過P1口按鍵來輸入高低電平信號(hào)來控制單片機(jī)發(fā)出相應(yīng)的指令來控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)對起、停，正、反轉(zhuǎn)，加、減速和對應(yīng)對數(shù)碼管顯示的功能。這種方案的缺點(diǎn)是調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速需要人工手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)電位器，非常不方便。電子開關(guān)的速度很快，穩(wěn)定性也極強(qiáng)。缺點(diǎn)是接線較其他方案復(fù)雜，不直觀不利于容易理解；而且價(jià)格較貴。缺點(diǎn)是這種電路控制電機(jī)并不是十分精確，因?yàn)槿龢O管其本身有一定的電阻所以其必定要有一定的壓降，所以這樣計(jì)算起來對步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制就不是太精確了。L298N芯片可以驅(qū)動(dòng)兩個(gè)二相電機(jī)，也可以驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)四相電機(jī)，輸出電壓最高可達(dá)50V，可以直接通過電源來調(diào)節(jié)輸出電壓；可以直接用單片機(jī)的I/O口提供信號(hào)；而且電路簡單，使用比較方便。而使用L298N時(shí)，可以用L297來提供時(shí)序信號(hào)，實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)控制。通過各個(gè)方面綜合比較為達(dá)到最佳驅(qū)動(dòng)效果，我們選擇方案四。如圖：圖12光柵編碼器檢測電路而光電編碼器既可以精確測量轉(zhuǎn)速也可以精確測量角度變化，而且接線十分簡單，所以選擇光電編碼器可以精確地檢測步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和步距角。單片機(jī)具有體積小、重量輕、耗能省、價(jià)格低、可靠性高和通用靈活等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此也廣泛應(yīng)用于衛(wèi)星定句、汽車火花控制、交通白動(dòng)管理和微波爐等專用控制上。單片機(jī)不求規(guī)模大，只求小而全。在一個(gè)大規(guī)模集成電路芯片上構(gòu)造了完整的計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)，故稱之為單片機(jī)MCS51系列中的一片8751芯片，內(nèi)部構(gòu)造了完整的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)。只要寫入程序，就可完成中央控制或數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理及通信