【正文】 ve opendoor policy in our process of economic development. ? 優(yōu)化 ： It is widely accepted that it is necessary to have opendoor policy in our process of economic development. ? 分析：此處不需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者“ people”，因此用被動(dòng)表達(dá)更恰當(dāng)。 ? 何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，何時(shí)使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要是由陳述對(duì)象決定的。 我來(lái)練練 ? 5： Some people even say that new buildings should be set up in the conventional way. Many people agree it, but others don’t agree it. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Some people even say that new buildings should be set up in the conventional way, to which people have no plete agreement. ? 分析：將兩句并列簡(jiǎn)化為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。 我來(lái)練練 ? 4： The meaning of his statement is that he is for the opinion that the death penalty should be allowed. ? 優(yōu)化 ： He thinks that the death penalty should be allowed. ? 分析：多重復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)化成一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。后兩句合成一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句； neither…nor 連接并列主語(yǔ)。第二句簡(jiǎn)化成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。 ? 例 1： He didn’t do the work well because of the fact that he didn’t have enough relative work experience. ? 優(yōu)化 ： He didn’t do the work well for lack of experience. ? 例 2： Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly. ? 優(yōu)化： They distrusted our judgment. 我來(lái)練練 ? 1： The captain was a tall, thin man. He has a big mustache. He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. ? 優(yōu)化 ： The captain, a tall, thin man with a mustache, was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. ? 分析：三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句被優(yōu)化為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。 ? 寫(xiě)作中句子的長(zhǎng)短應(yīng)根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要，有話則長(zhǎng)，無(wú)話則短。因此，考生要注意前后句子之間是否存在聯(lián)系，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)各簡(jiǎn)單句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)，組成地道的長(zhǎng)句，增加文章的氣勢(shì)。 ? 3. 出現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn) ? 一篇高分作文，往往還需在文中出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)亮點(diǎn) —遣詞準(zhǔn)確貼切、用語(yǔ)形象生動(dòng)、恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用修辭。 作文三點(diǎn)定高分 3點(diǎn)定高分 ? 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰 ? 一篇高分作文，必須結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、布局合理 — 結(jié)構(gòu)意義完整、框架安排合理、主題不離中心、段落詳略得當(dāng)。 ? 2. 句式多變 ? 一篇高分作文，語(yǔ)言上應(yīng)做到句式多變、豐富多姿 — 長(zhǎng)短句搭配、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)合理、穿插倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)、句間銜接緊密。 優(yōu)化好句式 第一講 長(zhǎng)短句變換 ? 一、短句變長(zhǎng)句 ? 受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，很多考生往往會(huì)直接 ji將腦子里的意思譯成英語(yǔ)，而忽略句與句之間的聯(lián)系，導(dǎo)致寫(xiě)出的句子無(wú)法體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)作為“形合語(yǔ)言”的特點(diǎn)。 ? 例 1： Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies do harm to those who tell them. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. ? 例 2： Teenagers are pressured by school work. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty. ? 優(yōu)化： Pressured by school work, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. ? 二、長(zhǎng)句變短句 ? 長(zhǎng)句固然能表達(dá)出復(fù)雜縝密的思想，但如果片面追求復(fù)雜句式，反而會(huì)顯得華而不實(shí)，成為表達(dá)的累贅。 簡(jiǎn)潔是寫(xiě)作的一個(gè)重要原則，用詞累贅是寫(xiě)作的大忌 。第一、第二句被簡(jiǎn)化為同位語(yǔ)。 我來(lái)練練 ? 2： The grading system at our college should be abolished. The students don’t like getting grades. The instructors don’t enjoy giving grades. ? 優(yōu)化 ： The grading system at our college should be abolished because neither the students nor the instructors like it. ? 分析：三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句被優(yōu)化為一個(gè)復(fù)合句。 我來(lái)練練 ? 3： One reason why I prefer a studentoriented class to a teacheroriented one is that it can make my knowledge permanent, in addition to which, it can develop my creative mind and my learning ability. ? 優(yōu)化 ： I prefer a studentoriented class to a teacheroriented one. For one thing, it can make my knowledge permanent. For another, it can develop my creative mind and my learning ability. ? 分析：原文被拆分成三個(gè)短句。原句中的累贅詞語(yǔ)被刪除。 第二講 主被動(dòng)變換 ? 英語(yǔ)中有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述對(duì)象的一致性，因此考生在選擇使用何種語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)一定要慎重。 ? 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者 ? 例 1： The employees elected Mr. Li chairman of the mittee last week. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Mr. Li was elected chairman of the mittee by the employees last week. ? 分析：如果有特定語(yǔ)境表明本句需要強(qiáng)調(diào)“ Mr. Li” 被選為主席，那么應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，以達(dá)到突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。為避免陳述對(duì)象混亂，保證行文通順，應(yīng)將從句改為被動(dòng)句。 ? 2. 保持陳述對(duì)象的一致，以求行文通順 ? 例 1： If we don’t know how the wastes should be used, we can sell them to the recycling station. ? 優(yōu)化 ： If we don’t know how to use the wastes, we can sell them to the recycling station. ? 分析：原句 how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)導(dǎo)致 if從句前后陳述的對(duì)象混亂，影響了句意得明晰和語(yǔ)言的流暢。因此，有時(shí)候我們可以使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替從句。使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在有限的篇幅內(nèi)表達(dá)更多的信息，并能夠使句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)先行詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)先行詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞；而不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般則表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，或是它與先行詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果是不及物動(dòng)詞則需加介詞。 ? 2. 轉(zhuǎn)換成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) ? 例 1： In 1836, there arose the workingclass movement which is known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement. ? 優(yōu)化 ： In 1836, there arose the workingclass movement known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian revolution