【正文】 ary movement. ? 分析：原句中有連個定語從句，顯得有點羅嗦。 ? 3. 轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語 ? 例 1： In today’s families, young couples often have four aged parents that they must support. ? 優(yōu)化 ： In today’s families, young couples often have four aged parents to support. ? 分析：先行詞 aged parents在從句中充當賓語，動詞 support在此又含有“將來要贍養(yǎng)”的含義，故可將定語從句 轉(zhuǎn)化成不定式短語作后置定語 ，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達也更加簡單。當主句的主語和狀語從句的主語一致時，可以將從句主語省略，將從句謂語部分轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞短語作狀語；而當主句的主語和狀語從句的主語不一致時，則要轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)相對復(fù)雜，建議考生在寫作時謹慎使用。 ? 2. 轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞短語 ? 例 1： If I am given a chance to study abroad, I will not hesitate to grasp it. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Given a chance to study abroad, I will not hesitate to grasp it. ? 分析：條件狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，從句主謂之間又是被動關(guān)系，故可將該從句轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞短語作狀語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達也更加簡單。 ? 4. 轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu) ? 例 1： Because one of my parents is laid off, my family can’t possibly afford all my expenses at college. ? 優(yōu)化 ： With one of my parents being laid off, my family can’t possibly afford all my expenses at college. ? 分析：原因狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，故可將該從句轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在 分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu) 作狀語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達也更加簡單。另外，考生在寫作中還要注意運用“疑問詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? 2. 轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語 ? 例 1： It is not unmon that we see that students with high scores display poor petence when doing jobs. ? 優(yōu)化 ： It is not unmon to see that students with high scores display poor petence when doing jobs. ? 分析：主語從句的主語 we不需要體現(xiàn)出來，而且其中又包含一個賓語從句，句子顯得有些冗長，可將主語從句 轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語 ，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達也更加簡單。 我來練練 ? 1： Children learn how they should behave properly both at school and at home. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Children learn how to behave properly both at school and at home. ? 2： If we contrast some libraries with their past glories, they have bee deserted facilities which are scarcely visited by students. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Contrasted with their past glories, some libraries have bee deserted facilities scarcely visited by students. 我來練練 ? 3： Some students say that salary is the most critical factor which influences their choices. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Some students say that salary is the most critical factor influencing their choices. ? 4： The puter may be addictive, the effect of which is not only physical, but also mental, which turns the student inhuman. ? 優(yōu)化 ： The puter may be addictive, the effect of which is not only physical, but also mental, turning the student inhuman. 我來練練 ? 5： It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books, it will be timewasting and harmful. ? 優(yōu)化 ： It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is timewasting and harmful. 第四講 松散句和掉尾句 ? 一、什么是松散句和掉尾句 ? 簡單地說，松散句指的是“把主要信息放在前面，輔助信息放在后面”的句式；掉尾句指的是“把輔助信息放在前面，主要信息放在后面”的句式。 ? 例 1：松散句 ： We have to municate with them from time to time if we don’t want to be fotten by our friends. ? 掉尾句 ： If we don’t want to be fotten by our friends, we have to municate with them from time to time. ? 例 2： 松散句 ： They were sweeping the snow outdoors, hands red with cold. ? 掉尾句 ： Hands red with cold, they were sweeping the snow outdoors. ? 二、如何使用松散句和掉尾句 ? 松散句簡單明了、自然直接，讀者看了前面的部分一般就可以知道句子想表達的主要意思。 ? 掉尾句則相對復(fù)雜、莊重，讀者在看完整個句子之后才知道它想表達的是什么意思。 ? 例 1： Suburban life will gain more and more popularity among city dwellers with the growing evidence of its superiority over city life. ? 優(yōu)化 ： With the growing evidence of its superiority over city life, suburban life will gain more and more popularity among city dwellers. ? 分析：優(yōu)化后的句子將原來的松散句改為掉尾句， with引出的伴隨狀語被移到句首，起到了突出強調(diào)作用，而且以介詞短語開頭，豐富了句式。因此將其改為松散句，將句子的主要部分放在前面。強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： It is (was) + 被強調(diào)部分 + that (who) + 句子其他成分。 ? 例 1： The money from parents and other family members mainly supports us. ? 優(yōu)化 ： It is the money from parents and other family members that mainly supports us. ? 分析：通過比較兩個句子可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一句是陳述句，第二句通過強調(diào)句型突出強調(diào)了句子的主語，使句意的表達更加有力。 ? 二、倒裝句的使用 ? 句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有時可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以達到突出強調(diào)的目的或起到某種修飾作用。 ? 例 1： The white balloon flew higher and higher till it vanished in the clouds. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Higher and higher flew the white balloon till it vanished in the clouds. ? 例 2： So many newspapers devoted so large a proportion of their space to the public concern about the dropouts in on other country. ? 優(yōu)化 ： In on othe