【正文】 eamanship.(b) Any alteration of course and / or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar。，特別是不充分的雷達觀測資料作出推斷。Rule 7Risk of Collision(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including longrange scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the pass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change:(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.第七條 碰撞危險，如有 任何懷疑，則應認為存在這種危險。在決定安全航速時，考慮的因素中應包括下列各點：： (1)能見度情況； (2)通航密度，包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度； (3)船舶的操縱性能，特別是在當時情況下的沖程和旋回性能； (4)夜間出現(xiàn)的背景亮光，諸如來自岸上的燈光或本船燈光的反向散射； (5)風、浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險物的情況： (6)吃水與可用水深的關系。(v) The number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar。(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference。(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment。(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards。(iii) The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions。Rule 6Safe speed Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:(a) By all vessels:(i) The state of visibility。 １２．“能見度不良”一詞，指任何由于霧、霾、下雪、暴風雨、沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況。 １０．船舶的“長度”和“寬度”是指其總長度和最大寬度。 ８．“限于吃水的船舶”一詞，指由于吃水與可用水深的關系，致使其偏離所駛航向的能力嚴重地受到限制的機動船。 ７．“操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞，指由于工作性質，使其按本規(guī)則要求進行操縱的能力受到限制，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。 ５．“水上飛機”一詞，包括為能在水面操縱而設計的任何航空器。 ３．“帆船”一詞，指任何駛帆的船舶，包括裝有推進機器而不在使用者。(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.(h) The term vessel constrained by her draught means a powerdriven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.(i) The word underway means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.(j) The words length and breadth of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.(L) The term restricted visibility means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.第三條 一般定義 除其他條文另有解釋外，在本規(guī)則中： １．“船舶”一詞，指用作或者能夠用作水上運輸工具的各類水上船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飛機。(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft。(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations。，應考慮到一切航行和碰撞的危險以及包括當事船舶條件限制在內的任何特殊情況，這些危險和特殊情況可能使船舶在必要時為避免緊迫危險而背離本規(guī)則。5. 凡經有關政府確定，某種特殊構造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關于號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設備的配置和特性的規(guī)定時，則應遵守其政府在號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設備的配置和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則要求的規(guī)定。3. 本規(guī)則不妨礙各國政府為軍艦及護航下的船舶所制訂的關于額外的隊形燈、信號燈、號型或笛號，或者為結對從事捕魚的漁船所制定的關于額外的隊形燈、信號燈、號型或笛號, 應盡可能不致被誤認為本規(guī)則其他條文所規(guī)定的任何號燈、號型或信號。311972國際海上避碰規(guī)則 中英文對照版Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1972PART A ── GENERALRule 1Application(a) These Rules shall to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected there with navigable by sea going vessels.(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by sea going vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot ply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of soundsignaling appliances, such vessel shall ply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible pliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.第一條 適用范圍1. 本規(guī)則適用于公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶. 2. 本規(guī)則不妨礙有關主管機關為連接于公海