北歐社會(huì)福利制度-展示頁
2025-04-26 08:27本頁面
【正文】 ernational standards, the greatest proportion of the labor force employed in the social, health and educational sectors roughly thirty percent.3. Heavy reliance on the public sector for the provision of social and educational services。 What is distinctive about the Nordic approach is the dominant role of national governments in the formation of social policy, and the development of an extensive public sector for the implementation of that policy. but a much more prominent role is played by the private sector, voluntary organizations, and the family than is generally the case in Norden.The role of the state Nordic countries in particular, tend to expect more of their governments than other countries. The feudalism of the Nordic region was less rigid，and, Nordic societies were paratively equal. They have always had fairly small populations, with a high degree of cultural uniformity in terms of language, religion, social behavior, etc. In all of the Nordic countries, there was a forced merger of church and state following the Reformation, which helped to strengthen and legitimate the central government. The growing strength of the labor movement and the classbased struggles of the industrial era resulted in political promises which laid the groundwork for the universal, equal social insurance systems of today39。高稅收不僅積累了大量的公用資金，以支持社會(huì)的高福利，同時(shí)也制約了暴富階層的形成，越富繳稅越多，使貧富差距不致過大。 這么高的福利來自何處？稅收，取之于民，用之于民。監(jiān)獄象賓館一樣，“囚犯的天堂”因此得名。社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)方面,老人的退休金及生活所需全部依靠社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)，平均4個(gè)芬蘭人的納稅就能支持一名退休老人的生活，退休年齡男女均為65歲，退休金隨生活指數(shù)增減，因而瑞典老人的生活比較安適。在教育方面，從小學(xué)到中學(xué)到大學(xué)，全部免費(fèi)，并每天享用一頓免費(fèi)的餐點(diǎn)，大學(xué)生還可領(lǐng)學(xué)習(xí)津貼；在勞資關(guān)系上，公民每周法定工作時(shí)數(shù)為40小時(shí)，每一位勞工均可獲得每年最少五周的有薪假期。它們把社會(huì)全體公民，特別是老年人的基本生活保障作為公民的權(quán)利，實(shí)行一種“從搖籃到墳?zāi)埂钡母＠贫龋?duì)各項(xiàng)社會(huì)福利制度進(jìn)行立法保護(hù)；孩子出生后，父母親可請(qǐng)有薪產(chǎn)假，且在
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