【正文】 n previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.(75)For example, they do not pensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.精美譯文：　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化教育測(cè)試或心理同在廣泛應(yīng)用于協(xié)助選拔、委派或提拔學(xué)生、雇員和軍事人員。increase the financing of：增加對(duì)……的資金投入finance：to supply funds to 給…提供資金pure science 純理論科學(xué)at the expense of 由……付費(fèi)，以……為代價(jià)vice versa 反之亦然 relations being reversedincrease the financing of pure science at the expense of technology － vice versa （還是通過(guò) / 以減少對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的投入而增加對(duì)技術(shù)的投入 // 還是相反）the issue of：……問(wèn)題issue：a point or matter of discussion, debate, or dispute 爭(zhēng)議，辯論爭(zhēng)議、爭(zhēng)論、爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的要點(diǎn)或事件of which：它們中的（pure science 和technology中的）哪一個(gè)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)椋簑hich 是賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，而不是定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)；of which 的結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)法還原到后面的從句；which不等于issue，不是定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，而是疑問(wèn)代詞。rather than而不是the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth 行星圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)revolve：繞轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)參考譯文：伽利略的最（光輝業(yè)績(jī)/偉大的成就）在于（他在1609年/在1609年他是）第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以（證實(shí)/證明）行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。而漢語(yǔ)又沒(méi)有這樣的形式上的要求，所以不譯。 s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：74) 主句 專有名詞Galileo39。 elementary 基礎(chǔ)的基礎(chǔ)或基本的或與此有關(guān)的；根本的innovation：the act of introducing something new 革新介紹新東西的行為tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ... 很大程度上被忽視philosophers of science 科學(xué)思想家們參考譯文：多年來(lái)，工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉（多年來(lái)）在很大程度上被歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。a series of一系列expand擴(kuò)大，張開(kāi)reach range or scope of influence or effect. 影響力產(chǎn)生影響或效果的范圍或領(lǐng)域參考譯文：“簡(jiǎn)而言之”，新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，“我們所謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，而（這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用 / 這）（使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及 / 使科學(xué)發(fā)展無(wú)所不及 / 在無(wú)數(shù)方面拓展了科學(xué)的領(lǐng)域）。contend：to maintain or assert 主張或聲稱the scientific revolution：科學(xué)革命revolution：A sudden or momentous change in a situation 大變革在一情況下的突然或瞬時(shí)改變as we call it我們所稱之謂的，我們所說(shuō)的largely：for the most part。like：such as參考譯文：新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展，與其說(shuō)是因?yàn)樘觳艂ト说恼嬷埔?jiàn)，不如說(shuō)是因?yàn)橄窀倪M(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。insights：the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation。the insights / of great men / of genius：天才偉人的真知灼見(jiàn)。they：指代the new school of scientists技巧：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)：according to – saynot so much... as... 是as … as … （和……一樣多）的否定形式，理解為：“與其……倒不如……”。題目解析：(71 ) 、Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：賓語(yǔ)從句的主句Science // moves forward, // 主句 插入結(jié)構(gòu)they say, // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 not so much 原因狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)through // 多重定語(yǔ)the insights / of great men / of genius // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 as 原因狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)because of // more ordinary things // 舉例like / improved techniques and tool.詞義推敲：move forward：向前發(fā)展。聯(lián)邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技術(shù)與天才之爭(zhēng)中去。（74）伽利略的最光輝的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球。那時(shí)的聰明才智取自第二世紀(jì)的天文學(xué)家托勒密。為技術(shù)而歡呼的現(xiàn)代學(xué)派爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)，像伽利略、牛頓、麥克斯威爾、愛(ài)因斯坦這樣的科學(xué)大師和像愛(ài)迪生這樣的發(fā)明家十分重視科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中能使用的各種不同的工藝信息和技術(shù)裝置并從中受益匪淺。（72）新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō):“簡(jiǎn)言之，我們所稱謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及。 s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.精美譯文新學(xué)派的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，技術(shù)是擴(kuò)大科學(xué)知識(shí)的范圍中被忽視的力量。 考研翻譯歷年真題解析1994年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) In short , a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technologyyes , geniusno advocate was an analysis of Galileo39。 s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo39。（71）他們說(shuō)，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼識(shí)，不如說(shuō)源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普通的東西?！　。?3）工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來(lái)在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了?！　」拇导夹g(shù)第一、天才第二的論據(jù)的核心是分析了科學(xué)革命初期伽利略的作用。了精心創(chuàng)立的太空體系把地球置于所有天體運(yùn)動(dòng)的中心。但是，在新學(xué)派科學(xué)家看來(lái)，這件事中真正重要的因素是制造鏡片的機(jī)械長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)不斷的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展。（75）政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)力量。they say：間接引語(yǔ)作插入結(jié)構(gòu)——前置。through因?yàn)榧记桑簄ot so much... as是個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說(shuō)so和as后面應(yīng)該兩個(gè)詞的意思應(yīng)該相同，所以多義介詞through的意思應(yīng)該等于because of因?yàn)?，由于。多重后置定語(yǔ)——后浪推前浪，從后往前翻譯。 penetration 洞察力；心智的敏銳——真知灼見(jiàn)，遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)genius：天才more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool這是結(jié)構(gòu)是介詞like短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾中心詞more ordinary things，也是先翻譯定語(yǔ)，再翻譯中心詞：像改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。得分重點(diǎn)：插入結(jié)構(gòu)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，原因狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(72)、 In short , a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the