【正文】 pment, data collection and the entire counting system control. Mainly use photoelectric sensors, capacitive sensors, inductive sensors for different products for data collection, guarantee realtime data acquisition and accuracy. In control design, using distributed control system mode. From a PC and the Big Three microprocessor, PC for the centralized management, microcontroller for decentralized control, PC and through munication between the microcontroller interface for data munications. In addition, the system has been optimized, such as the amplification of the signal waveform in the transformation and in particular, the system39。 此自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng) 彌補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)的不足，能夠針對(duì)不同的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，并能同時(shí)控制多條生產(chǎn)線，具有高效、實(shí)時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、抗干擾等特點(diǎn)。 由一臺(tái) PC 機(jī) 和 三臺(tái)單片 機(jī) 構(gòu)成， PC 機(jī)用于“集中管理”， 單片 機(jī)用于“分散控制”， PC 機(jī)與單片機(jī)之 間通過通訊接口進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通訊。主要利用光電傳感器、電容式傳感器、電感式傳 感器針對(duì)不同的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集，保證數(shù)據(jù)采集的實(shí)時(shí)性與準(zhǔn)確性。本課題即基于單片機(jī)的產(chǎn)品自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng) —— 數(shù)據(jù)采集與控制設(shè)計(jì)也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。因此自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)已成為現(xiàn)今工業(yè)生產(chǎn)不可或缺的一部分。 I 摘 要 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、人類的需要，現(xiàn)在的工廠和車間每天都要生產(chǎn)數(shù)以萬計(jì)的產(chǎn)品。在過去還可依賴人工紙筆計(jì)數(shù)，現(xiàn)在由于數(shù)量龐大加上生產(chǎn)速度之快這種人工計(jì)數(shù)的方式已無法達(dá)到良好的實(shí)時(shí)性與準(zhǔn)確性。然而一個(gè)優(yōu)良的自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)必須擁有良好的數(shù)據(jù)采集方式和完善的控制系統(tǒng)。 本論文研究如何利用單片機(jī)研制自動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集以及整個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)的控制。在控制設(shè)計(jì)上，采用集散 控制 系統(tǒng) 方式。 另外對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，比如對(duì)信號(hào)的放大、波形的變換和整形，系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力的增強(qiáng)，電源和系統(tǒng)復(fù)位部分的改善設(shè)計(jì)。能夠廣泛的應(yīng)用于工廠、車間，實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)數(shù)過程的自動(dòng)化，大 大提高了生產(chǎn)效率，能為企業(yè)帶來更高的效益。s antijamming capability, Power and reset part of the system to improve the design. This automated counting system to make up for the traditional counting system inadequate to cover different products count, and at the same time control over production lines, with realtime, accurate and interference characteristics. Can be widely applied in factories, workshops, achieving counting process automation, greatly increasing the efficiency of production, Enterprises can bring higher efficiency. Keywords: SCM Data acquisition Photoelectric sensors Distributed Control System III 目 錄 摘要 .................................................................. I Abstract .............................................................. II 緒論 .................................................................. 1 1 總體設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案論證 ................................................. 2 數(shù)據(jù)采集方案論證 ............................................... 2 控制方式方案論證 ............................................... 6 總體設(shè)計(jì)及其工作原理 ............................................. 6 工作原理 ....................................................... 6 主要功能 ....................................................... 7 本章小結(jié) ......................................................... 8 2 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................... 9 單片機(jī)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 9 單片機(jī)的選擇 ................................................... 9 單片機(jī)時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................... 10 單片機(jī)復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................... 10 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)抗干擾電路的設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 12 數(shù)據(jù)采集部分硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 13 用電感式接近開關(guān)采集金屬產(chǎn)品 .................................. 13 用電容式接近開關(guān)采集非金屬產(chǎn)品 ................................ 14 用光電傳感器采集產(chǎn)品 .......................................... 15 本章小結(jié) ........................................................ 17 3 軟件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................... 18 語言簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................ 18 VISUAL BASIC 語言 .............................................. 18 匯編語言 ...................................................... 18 PC 機(jī)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................. 19 IV 單片機(jī)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................ 20 軟件抗干擾技術(shù) .................................................. 21 本章小結(jié) ........................................................ 23 4 PC 機(jī)與單片機(jī)串行通信 .............................................. 24 通信方案 ........................................................ 24 本章小結(jié) ........................................................ 25 5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試和改進(jìn) .................................................... 26 引言 ............................................................ 26 系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試與故障排除 ............................................ 26 系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用 ................................................ 26 系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際效果 ................................................ 26 系統(tǒng)所具有的特點(diǎn) .............................................. 27 系統(tǒng)的適用范圍 ................................................ 27 系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)與展望 ................................................ 27 本章小節(jié) ........................................................ 27 結(jié)論 ................................................................. 28 致謝 ................................................................. 29 附錄 一 系統(tǒng)硬件圖 .................................................... 31 附錄 二 系統(tǒng)程