細(xì)胞程序性死亡與細(xì)胞衰老-展示頁(yè)
2025-01-30 18:55本頁(yè)面
【正文】 e. Induce cell display signals marked it for phagocytosis . ?The inhibitor of CAD (Caspaseactivated Dnase, an endonuclease). Cleavage of CAD inhibitor lead to activation of CAD, once activated, CAD translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus severing DNA into fragments. ?Enzymes involved in DNA repair. Which are inactivated by caspase cleavage. DNA repair is a homeostatic activity that is inappropriate in an apoptotic cell. Caspase依賴性細(xì)胞凋亡的兩條途徑： 由死亡受體起始的外源途徑：死亡配體主要是腫瘤壞死因子 家族成員 由線粒體起始的內(nèi)源途徑：細(xì)胞色素 c Molecular pathways of apoptosis Two principle pathways Extrinsic pathway Intrinsic pathway (1) Extrinsic pathway: Fas Signaling Pathway Fas (also called Apo1 or CD95) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Receptormediated pathway of apoptosis Bcl2 Family(cytoplasmic factors): Bad,Bid,and bax: promote apoptosis。 核酸酶基因（ nuc1） , 控制 DNA降解，但非 PCD所必須。 Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John E. Sulston Apoptosis induced by Cyto C Lane 1． 0 h 2． 1 h 3． 2 h 4． 3 h 5． 4 h 6． Control 7． Marker 180~200bp DNA ladder ?細(xì)胞凋亡的檢測(cè)方法 形態(tài)學(xué)觀測(cè)：臺(tái)盼藍(lán)、 DAPI、 Giemsa， DNA電泳，TUNEL測(cè)定法，彗星電泳法，流式細(xì)胞分析 ?細(xì)胞凋亡的分子機(jī)制 Early researches (MIT: Robert Horrid , 1986) C. elegans:1090 cells, The Finding of CED3 mutant Without losing any of their cells to apoptosis. CED3 gene play a crucial role in the process of apoptosis. C elegans: a millimeter long, transparent body only a few cell types, from zygote to mature adult only in . 131 cells death. 線蟲(chóng)體細(xì)胞凋亡研究： PCD相關(guān)基因 15個(gè)，分為四組： 與 PCD有關(guān)的基因，負(fù)責(zé) PCD控制： ced ced4和 ced9。 ? Morphologi changes: Early : Chromosome condensation, cell body shrink Later : Blebbing and Nucleus and cytoplasm fragment— Apoptotic bodies At last: Phagocytosed 染色質(zhì)聚集分塊 胞質(zhì)凝縮 染色質(zhì)集聚 細(xì)胞器腫脹 線粒體變?yōu)? 絮狀 核破碎 形成凋亡小體 破裂 內(nèi)含物釋放 炎癥 被吞噬消化 終有膜封閉 不引起炎癥 A、 Normal cell B、 Apoptosis: Apoptotic bodies Apoptosis Necrosis Death by a
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