【正文】 B u t e n e 1 B u t e n eC H 3 C H 2 H C C H 2C H 3 H C C H C H 3s e c B u t y l a l c o h o l3. Dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides Example: C H 3 C H B r C H B r C H 32 B u t e n eC H 3 H C C H C H 32 , 3 D i b r o m o b u t a n eZ n4. Reduction of alkynes Preparation of Alcohol 1. OxymercurationDemercuration 2. HydroborationOxidation 3. GrignardSynthesis 4. Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides 5. Hydroxylation of Alkenes Preparation of Alcohol 1. Oxymercurationdemercurataion 2. HydroborationOxidation 3. Grignard synthesis of alkyl halides Examples: 5. Hydroxylation of alkenes 6. Aldol condensation 7. Reduction of carbonyl pounds 8. Reduction of acid and esters Preparation of Halide 1. From Alcohols 2. Halogenationof Certain hydrocarbons 3. Addition of Hydrogen Halide to Alkenes 4. Addition of Halogen to Alkenes and Alkynes 5. Halide Exchange Preparation of Halide 1. From alcohols Examples: 2. Halogenation of certain hydrocarbons Examples: 3. Addition of hydrogen halide to alkenes 4. Addition of halogen to alkenes and alkenes 5. Halide exchange Preparation of Ether 1. Williamson Synthesis 2. AlkoxymercurationDemercuration Preparation of Ether 1. Williamson synthesis Examples: 2. Alkoxymer curationdemercuration Preparation of Alkylbenzene 1. FriedelCrafts Alkylation 2. Conversion of Side Chain Preparation of Alkylbenzene 1. FriedelCrafts alkylation Examples: 2. Conversion of side chain Preparation of Phenol 1. Hydrolysis of Diazonium Salts 2. Alkli Fusion of Sulfonates Preparation of Phenol 1. Hydrolysis of diazonium salts A r N 2 + H 2 O + +N 2 H +A r O HExample: 2. Alkali fusion of sulfonates Preparation of Amine 1. Reduction of Nitro Compounds 2. Reaction of Halides with ammonia or Amines 3. Reductive Amination 4. Reduction of Nitriles 5. Hofmann Degradation of Amides Preparation of Amine 1. Reduction of nitro pounds A r N O 2o rR N O 2A r N H 2o rR N H 2c h i e f l y f o r a r o m a t i c a m i n eN i t r o c o m p o u n d s 1 o a m i n em e t a l , H +o r H 2 , c a t .Examples: F e , H C l1 N i t r o p r o p a n e n p r o p y l a m i n eC H 3 C H 2 C H 2 N O 2 C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 N H 22. Reaction of halides with ammonia or amines Examples: N H 3R XNN H 2 N H NRR RR RRRRRR XR XR X R XR X m u s t b e a l k y l o r a r y l w i t h e l e c t r o n w i t h d r a w i n g s u b s t i t u e n t sN H 3N C H 3HC H 3 C H 2C H 3 C H 2 C l C H 3 C H 2 N H 2C H 3 C lE t h y l c h l o r i d e E t h y l a m i n e E t h y l m e t h y l a m i n eC H 2 N H 2N H 3B e n z y l c h l o r i d e B e n z y l a m i n e B e n z y l d i m e t h y l a m i n e2 C H 3 IC H 2 NC H 2 C lC H 3C H 3N ( C H 3 ) 2N , N d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e P h e n y l t r i m e t h y l a m m o n i u m i o d i d eC H 3 IN ( C H 3 ) 3 I2 , 4 D i n i t r o c h l o r o b e n z e n e N M e t h y l 2 , 4 d i n i t r o a n i l i n eC l N H C H3N O 2N O 2N O 2N O 2C H3N H23. Reductive amination C O N H 3R N H2R2N H2+H2, N io r N a B H3C N1oa m i n e2oa m i n e3oa m i n eC H N H2C H N R2C H N H R++H2, N io r N a B H3C NH2, N io r N a B H3C NExamples: N H 3 1 o a m i n e+H 2 , N iOH 3 CH 3 CC H N H 2H 3 CH 3 CA c e t o n e I s o p r o p y l a m i n e( C H 3 ) 2 C H C OHN H 22 o a m i n e+ NHC H 2 C H ( C H 3 ) 2I s o b u t y l a l d e h y d e A n i l i n e N I s o b u t y l a n i l i n e