【正文】 ......................................... 7 (e) 浸 潤溶劑用量的確定 ........................................................................................... 7 (f) 微波功率的確定 ................................................................................................... 8 (g) 微波加熱時(shí)間的確定 ......................................................................................... 8 (h) 液料比的確定 ....................................................................................................... 8 (i) 最佳浸提條件的選擇 ............................................................................................... 8 .................................................................................................................................................. 9 浸潤溶劑用量的確定 .................................................................................................................. 9 微波功率的確定 ............................................................................................................................... 9 微波加熱時(shí)間的確定 ..................................................................................................................... 10 液料比的確定 ............................................................................................................................ 10 番茄紅素最佳浸提條件的選擇 ................................................................................................ 11 討論 ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 結(jié)論 ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 （ 1） ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 （ 2） ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 （ 3） ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 致 謝 ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)士畢業(yè)論文 1 摘要 番茄紅素（ Lycopene）又稱ψ — 胡蘿卜素 ，屬于 異戊二烯 類化合物，是類胡蘿卜素的一種。由于最早從番茄中分離制得，故稱番茄紅素。然而，最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，番茄紅素具有優(yōu)越的生理功能，它不僅具有抗癌抑癌的功效，而且對(duì)于預(yù)防心血管疾病、 動(dòng)脈硬化 等各種成人病、增強(qiáng) 人體免疫系統(tǒng)以及延緩衰老等都具有重要意義，是一種很有發(fā)展前途的新型功能性天然色素。該預(yù)處理方法微波輻射時(shí)間短、處理方法簡便，能顯著提高溶劑提取的效率，減少能耗 本實(shí)驗(yàn) 探討了浸潤溶劑用量、液料比、微波預(yù)處理時(shí)間微波功率 對(duì)番茄紅素提取效果的影響。 關(guān)鍵詞：番茄紅素；提??；微波；預(yù)處理 沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)士畢業(yè)論文 2 Abstract Lycopene (Lycopene), also known as the ψcarotene, are isoprenoid pounds, is a kind of carotenoid. First isolated from tomato in the system, it is called lycopene. The past, it was believed that only those with the βionone ring and can be converted into vitamin A carotenoids, such as αcarotene, βcarotene was associated with human nutrition and health, and lycopene due to lack of this structure does not have the physiological activity of vitamin A, so this little research. However, recent studies have found that lycopene has excellent physiological function, it not only has the efficacy of anticancer tumor suppressor, but also for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and various adult diseases, strengthens the immune system and antiaging, etc. significance, is a promising new type of functional natural pigment. This study investigated the microwave pretreatment of tomato skin extract lycopene in the tomato skin with a small amount of solvent wetting, the use of microwave heating solvent infiltration of tomato skin, raw materials, cell and tissue changes in the structuresubsequent solvent extraction easier. The pretreatment method of microwave irradiation time is short, simple approach, can significantly improve the efficiency of solvent extraction, reducing energy consumption The microwave pretreatment extraction of Lycopene from the skin of tomato was studied. The effects such as soakage impregnant dosage, microwave power ， time of microwave pretreatment and liquidsolid ratio were investigated. The optimum extraction process parameters were determined by this experiments, which were soakage impregnant dosage 8 milliliter， liquidsolid ratio 8 to 1 and microwave power 720w， microwave pretreatment 60s. Keywords: Lycopene； Extraction； Microwave； Pretreatment 沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)士畢業(yè)論文 3 前言 番茄 紅素（ Lycopene）又稱ψ — 胡蘿卜素 ，屬于 異戊二烯 類化合物，是類胡蘿卜素的一種。過去人們一直認(rèn)為，只有那些具備β — 紫羅酮環(huán)并能轉(zhuǎn)化為 維生素 A的類胡蘿卜素，如α — 胡蘿卜素、β — 胡蘿卜素等才與人類的營養(yǎng)和健康有關(guān)，而番茄紅素因缺乏此結(jié)構(gòu)，不具有維生素 A的生理活性，故對(duì)此研究很少。 微波輔助萃取番茄紅素是利用微波能來提高萃取率的一種新技術(shù) , 在微波提取過程中 , 微波輻射導(dǎo)致植物細(xì)胞內(nèi)的極性物質(zhì) , 尤其是水分 子壓力將細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞壁沖破 , 形成微小的孔洞 ?？锥春土鸭y的存在使胞外溶劑容易入細(xì)胞內(nèi) , 溶解并釋放出胞內(nèi)產(chǎn)物。 1930年， Karrer等人提出，番茄紅素是一種化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)式中含有 11個(gè)共扼雙鍵及 2個(gè)非共扼雙鍵的非環(huán)狀平面多不飽和脂肪烴，經(jīng)過環(huán)化可形成β一胡蘿卜素。研究還表明，番茄紅素的順式異構(gòu)體與反式異構(gòu)體的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)有所不同，與反式異構(gòu)體相比，番茄紅素的順式異構(gòu)體的熔點(diǎn)低， 摩爾消光系數(shù) 小，極性強(qiáng)，不易結(jié)晶，更易溶解，而且在放置過程中可能會(huì)回 (a) 穩(wěn)定性 于番茄紅素分子中有 11個(gè)共扼雙鍵及 2個(gè)非共軛雙鍵，使得番茄紅素的穩(wěn)定性比較差，在一定條件下可發(fā)生順反異構(gòu)化和氧化降解。溶液中的 Fe3+和 Cu2+會(huì)對(duì)番茄紅素的光氧化反應(yīng)起催化作用，而其它金屬離子如 K+、 Mg2+、 Ca2+、 Zn2+等則對(duì)其影響不大，所以天然番茄紅素在提取和應(yīng)用過程中應(yīng)盡量避免使用鐵制和銅制容器。由此可見，影響番茄紅素穩(wěn)定性的因素有氧、光、金屬離子 pH等，故番茄紅素的提取、貯存、沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)士畢業(yè)論文 4 加工及分析都應(yīng)該在對(duì)環(huán)境因素進(jìn)行控制的條件下進(jìn)行。番茄果實(shí)中的番茄紅素有兩種存在狀態(tài)：其中大部分是以細(xì)長的、針狀的結(jié)晶形式存在于有色體中，呈現(xiàn)明亮的紅色。番茄紅素以不同的形態(tài)存在時(shí)具有不同的顏色和強(qiáng)度，而且會(huì)隨著溶劑和介質(zhì)的不同而呈現(xiàn)出不同的顏色。 (c) 溶解性 番茄紅素是脂溶性色素，可溶于其他 脂類 和 非極性溶劑 中，不溶于 水 ，難溶于強(qiáng)極性溶劑如 甲醇 、 乙醇 等，可溶于脂肪烴、 芳香烴 和 氯代烴 如 乙烷 、 苯 、 氯仿