【正文】 a student and a staff in University Service office.Female student: 我想辦新卡，因?yàn)榕f的丟了。Male staff: 因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的registration 還未結(jié)束，所以我這里沒有你的完整資料，如果你需要辦卡，得提供證件來證明身份，比如說你的駕照。Male staff: 那么護(hù)照呢？Female student: 護(hù)照在宿舍里，因?yàn)閬G了ID Card, 我沒辦法進(jìn)宿舍，所以我才來這辦新卡。（several seconds later）好了，你現(xiàn)在可以去宿舍取護(hù)照了，但是必須身邊有人看著你（escort you）.Female student: Who cares! 還有，我的飯卡也丟了，怎么辦？Male staff: 沒關(guān)系，在申辦新的ID card 的時(shí)候，順便把meal card 也可以辦了。3. Why she needs to be escorted?Answer: (C) 確認(rèn)她的身份，輸入ID card 信息，通過電腦確認(rèn)。5. Listen again: Female student: you are glad.Answer: (D) she was relieved.2. Glial Cell(神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞)Lecture:Glial cells, monly called neuralgia or simply glial (Greek for “glue”, researches originally believed that glial cells served as the putty that held the neurons together, recent research indicated that these cells provide very important contributions.) , are nonneuronal cells. In the human brain, glial are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, the other main type of cell in the central nervous system. The four main functions of glial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy pathogens and remove dad neurons.Traditionally glial had been thought to lack certain features of neurons. For example, glial were not believed to have chemical neurotransmitters. They were considered to be the passive bystanders of neural transmission.However, recent studies disproved this. It is inappropriate nowadays to consider glial as “glue” in the nervous system as the name implies but more of a partner to neurons. They are also crucial in the development of the nervous system.中文大意：好，在今天開始講課之前，我們先review上節(jié)課的內(nèi)容。 Bernard, 可以了。歷史上，生物學(xué)家們不重視glial cell, 對(duì)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)的研究?jī)H限于神經(jīng)元(neutron), 或者叫nerve cell. 神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)通過electrical munication 從一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)傳到另一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，神經(jīng)元被認(rèn)為起著重要的作用。（有問題：Glial cell 怎么引起科學(xué)家注意的）人們發(fā)現(xiàn)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞也有傳導(dǎo)信息的作用，不過不是通過生物電（not electronically munication）, 而是化學(xué)物質(zhì)傳導(dǎo)（but chemical munication）. 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)一直誤以為glial cell 也像nerve cell 一樣用電信號(hào)。而且glial cell 的功能也絕不像傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為的那樣只是send signal.那么到底glial cell 的功能有可能是什么呢？ 我們?cè)谟媚X子的時(shí)候，其實(shí)就是在用glail cell. 比如說， 我們 feel, think and remember 的時(shí)候。對(duì)角質(zhì)細(xì)胞的研究將是一個(gè)很open up 的領(lǐng)域， 因?yàn)槟壳拔覀儗?duì)它的認(rèn)識(shí)十分有限，但相關(guān)研究已經(jīng)開始流行，而且到了大家畢業(yè)之后的幾年中可能成為炙手可熱的研究課題。 將來我們畢業(yè)的時(shí)候也可以。 好了，言歸正傳（back to the analysis）…接著，教授總結(jié)了剛剛對(duì)glail cell 的定義和功能分析，然后問：大家還有問題嗎？ 沒有的話，我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)話題。Answer : glail cell 這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，以后會(huì)有很多研究課題many researches.5. (replay) 就是Bernard 被打斷那一段Answer: ( D) the student’s answer is pleted6. glial cell 傳導(dǎo)信號(hào)用什么？Answer： chemical conductor3. 浪漫主義詩歌之 Williams Wordsworth文章大意：主要講了1819 世紀(jì)，英國(guó)浪漫主義（romanticism）詩歌的代表人物Williams Wordsworth的詩歌。Romanticism 不是我們平時(shí)理解的romance, 和男女之間的愛情沒關(guān)系。教授以自己為例子，說自己在散步的時(shí)候感受到了這種互動(dòng)（此處有題）。Neoclassicism 使用太多的elaboration, 如 sky 不叫sky, 而叫 blue 什么的；bird 不叫bird, 而叫 feathered person.教授把該詩人的作品分為三個(gè)階段。中期是對(duì)一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的評(píng)論。目前文學(xué)界還是認(rèn)為他早期的作品是最好的。題目：1. (click two)浪漫主義式的特點(diǎn)？Answer: a. 針對(duì)的是個(gè)人的情感 b. 與古典主義不同2. （replay）是對(duì)古典主義式的描述那一段，鳥和天空。3. 教授對(duì)浪漫主義詩歌的態(tài)度？Answer: 目前文學(xué)界認(rèn)為他的早期作品最后，后來的糟糕。5. （replay）professor: but , you won’t have the luck to judge the poems of his different stages.Answer: 本文重點(diǎn)講了他第一階段的詩歌4. (conversation) 鳥類遷徙 term paper of bird migrationListen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you. I’m getting a little bit stuck here.P: Of course, so… what do you have so far What’s your topic.S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I’m having trouble finding enough sources.P: You are having trouble finding sources on bird migration?S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about. The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration… describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that b