【正文】 新托福聽力加試題1. ID CardListen to a conversation between a student and a staff in University Service office.Female student: 我想辦新卡，因為舊的丟了。Male staff: 因為學(xué)校的registration 還未結(jié)束，所以我這里沒有你的完整資料，如果你需要辦卡，得提供證件來證明身份，比如說你的駕照。Female student: 我的駕照在錢包里，錢包被偷了。Male staff: 那么護照呢？Female student: 護照在宿舍里，因為丟了ID Card, 我沒辦法進宿舍，所以我才來這辦新卡。Male staff： 讓我發(fā)封mail, 看看怎么辦這事。（several seconds later）好了，你現(xiàn)在可以去宿舍取護照了，但是必須身邊有人看著你（escort you）.Female student: Who cares! 還有，我的飯卡也丟了，怎么辦？Male staff: 沒關(guān)系，在申辦新的ID card 的時候，順便把meal card 也可以辦了。Female student: Thanks a lot.Male staff: you are wele, I am very glad to help you.Female student: en… you are glad!題目：1. Why does the student go to see the office worker in the university service office?Answer: (D) 學(xué)生要辦新卡2. Why can not the student show her driver license either?Answer: (B) 放在宿舍，沒有ID 進不去。3. Why she needs to be escorted?Answer: (C) 確認她的身份，輸入ID card 信息，通過電腦確認。4. How can the student get a new meal card?Answer: (D) 和ID 一起補辦。5. Listen again: Female student: you are glad.Answer: (D) she was relieved.2. Glial Cell(神經(jīng)元細胞)Lecture:Glial cells, monly called neuralgia or simply glial (Greek for “glue”, researches originally believed that glial cells served as the putty that held the neurons together, recent research indicated that these cells provide very important contributions.) , are nonneuronal cells. In the human brain, glial are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, the other main type of cell in the central nervous system. The four main functions of glial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy pathogens and remove dad neurons.Traditionally glial had been thought to lack certain features of neurons. For example, glial were not believed to have chemical neurotransmitters. They were considered to be the passive bystanders of neural transmission.However, recent studies disproved this. It is inappropriate nowadays to consider glial as “glue” in the nervous system as the name implies but more of a partner to neurons. They are also crucial in the development of the nervous system.中文大意：好，在今天開始講課之前，我們先review上節(jié)課的內(nèi)容。上節(jié)課，我們講了神經(jīng)元細胞（計算機屏幕： Neutron）,以及其工作原理（function）, 有誰能想起來？Male student(Bernard): Neutron 是指在大腦運作的過程中起作用的一種細胞（cell）, 它接收electronic signal, 經(jīng)過傳遞，然后在送往大腦的接收器（receptor）.Female professor 忽然打斷（replay）: 好的。 Bernard, 可以了。 你的答案很plete. 那么今天，我們來講一下glial cell (glial cell on the little screen), 這也是大腦物質(zhì)中的一種。歷史上，生物學(xué)家們不重視glial cell, 對神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)的研究僅限于神經(jīng)元(neutron), 或者叫nerve cell. 神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)通過electrical munication 從一個結(jié)點傳到另一個節(jié)點，神經(jīng)元被認為起著重要的作用。Glial cell 被研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看做是help the growth of neurons, 起輔助作用（support neutron）, 例如， protect, repair the damaged neutron cell. 后來， 偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦中g(shù)lial cell 比 neutron 的數(shù)目多很多，這才引起了科學(xué)家的重視，開始研究他究竟起什么作用。（有問題：Glial cell 怎么引起科學(xué)家注意的）人們發(fā)現(xiàn)膠質(zhì)細胞也有傳導(dǎo)信息的作用，不過不是通過生物電（not electronically munication）, 而是化學(xué)物質(zhì)傳導(dǎo)（but chemical munication）. 傳統(tǒng)觀點一直誤以為glial cell 也像nerve cell 一樣用電信號。Glail cell 總共有三種傳導(dǎo)方式，神經(jīng)細胞間，膠質(zhì)細胞間，神經(jīng)和膠質(zhì)細胞互相傳導(dǎo)。而且glial cell 的功能也絕不像傳統(tǒng)上認為的那樣只是send signal.那么到底glial cell 的功能有可能是什么呢？ 我們在用腦子的時候，其實就是在用glail cell. 比如說， 我們 feel, think and remember 的時候。所以，人們就有個假設(shè)（hypothesis）, 可能智商（IQ）和 glial cell 有關(guān)系，glial cell 越多，智商就越高，但這事不確定。對角質(zhì)細胞的研究將是一個很open up 的領(lǐng)域， 因為目前我們對它的認識十分有限，但相關(guān)研究已經(jīng)開始流行，而且到了大家畢業(yè)之后的幾年中可能成為炙手可熱的研究課題。Female student : 老師，你的意思是說，以后glail cell 這個領(lǐng)域會很值得研究了？。 將來我們畢業(yè)的時候也可以。（被打斷）Female professor: 對，我的意思是說將來你們畢業(yè)后，對glail cell 的研究會比較多。 好了，言歸正傳（back to the analysis）…接著，教授總結(jié)了剛剛對glail cell 的定義和功能分析，然后問：大家還有問題嗎？ 沒有的話，我們進入下一個話題。題目：1. What is the main topic of this lecture?Answer: Glial cell2. Why does the professor mention there were much research on neutron?Answer: (C) Glial cell 領(lǐng)域，目前做的研究很少little research on glial cell.3. Historically, what is the function of glial cell?Answer: support neutron (glial cell 的作用是支持neutron)4. (cli