【正文】 laced on the pletion of city plans and efficient supervision 山東理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 4 of development of surrounding rural areas related to these plans. The dramatic migration to urban areas that occurred during this period was recognized, and policies were developed to reduce the rate of migration by the late 1990s. The plans of this period included the economic and physical aspects of urban development, but also the social, esthetic, cultural, and educational aspects. Even though Turkish law mandates the participation of interested groups in decisionmaking related to environmental issues, there have been limited examples of efficient public participation in the planning process because many citizens do not believe that their opinions will actually be considered by the authorities. Decisionmaking power for management and planning of urban and surrounding areas has shifted gradually from the central government to the local level since the 1980s. Unfortunately, local governments tend to prioritize economic goals over environmental goals during local development and land use planning. However, centralized decisionmaking still prevails in the rural landscape. This leaves inadequate space for local initiatives to protect the environment according to the needs of smaller munities. The lack of bureaucratic coordination between the local and central authorities and the lack of relevant and reliable data and analyses undermines management efforts, and there is often confusion over which institution is responsible for various decisions. Therefore, despite the existing body of favorable legislation and the existence of central and local institutions, the principles, rules, and regulations are in disarray, and the authority gap has yet to be filled for environmental issues. Wasilewski and Krukowski (2022) state that environmentally sound urban planning will only take place in the presence of mechanisms that safeguard environmental interests. Such mechanisms include a role for governments and programs to raise public awareness of the need to preserve valuable landscapes. In addition, collaboration between urban planners, landscape architects, ecologists, and other experts is limited because of a lack of appreciation for the benefits of multidisciplinary cooperation. Bureaucracy also plays a major role in undermining collaboration both among different professions and between government institutions. As a result of these problems, unsustainable development of the landscape matrix prevails, in the form of rapid, sprawling, and uncontrolled urbanization, leading to social and economic problems. Especially in recent years, the spread of mercial and residential uses of land from inner urban areas to surrounding areas has bee mon, as has the development of slums and a higher rate of population increase in the surrounding areas, where more land is available. A substantial amount of prime agricultural land is being transformed into different land uses, but local munities do not consider this withdrawal of land from agricultural production to be responsible for the loss of rural landscape. Although no official statistics exist on the rate of agricultural land conversion in Turkey, some 山東理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 5 research reveals the general trend: urbanization occurs at the expense of agricultural land and decreases the per capita amount of arable land that remains. This can cause agricultural expansion into wetlands and other ecologically valuable areas or unsustainable intensification of agriculture to increase food production in the remaining land. Turkey’s national policy for agriculture is to develop an anized sector with a high petitiveness that holistically considers the economic, social, environmental, and international aspects of agriculture, within the framework of efficient resource use, to supply food to a growing population while ensuring food security. Major highlights of this policy include increased production levels and crop yield, increased agricultural ine, rural development, protection of natural resources, and sustainable agriculture. 3. Land Use Trends During Urbanization of the City of Aydin, Turkey Turkey has experienced rapid social, economic, and environmental change since 1980. The objective of economic growth without considering sustainability shows signs of causing serious changes in rural landscapes if measures are not taken soon to implement sustainable development. The 1980s and 1990s also witnessed a growing interest in environmental issues as a result of Turkey’s mitment to international treaties. The central decisionmaking process pertaining to the environment has greatly benefited from and been shaped by international enviro