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【正文】 and regulations) c. 用將，將領(lǐng)用什麼樣的人 (the mander) d. 部隊(duì)的賞罰 (Rewards) e. ‘令之以文，齊之以武’ (Command (troops) with civility, rally them with marital discipline) ── 用政治教育、物質(zhì)鼓勵(lì)、精神鼓勵(lì)來教育軍隊(duì)，及用嚴(yán)格的軍紀(jì)軍法管理軍隊(duì)。 From philosophic point of view to observe War and reveal its regular pattern. 孫子兵法包含四個(gè)層次 : The four gradations of “The Art of War” 1. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀念 The notion of War 一個(gè)軍事家，對(duì)戰(zhàn)事要有一個(gè)基本的態(tài)度，是肯定還是否定戰(zhàn)事 ? 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與政治、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與民心 ? 勝負(fù)的問題、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的性質(zhì)(正義的，還是非正義的 ?)。The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 孫子兵法 Sun Tzu’s “The Art of War” Speaker: Prof Tinpui LEUNG, Past President, IMechE Hong Kong Branch 孫子兵法 ──世界上最早的兵書、軍事理論著作 The Art of War – the oldest book on military strategy in the world!! Author： 孫子 (Sun Tzu) 即孫武 (Sun Wu)，春秋 (The Spring and Autumn Period) 末期齊國(guó) (state of Qi) 人，約與孔子 (Confucius, 551 – 479 B. C.) 同期。 The “Art of War” brought Sun Tzu to the notice of Helu, King of Wu and became his general in 512 BC. For almost two decades, the armies of Wu were victorious over their hereditary enemies, the Kingdom of Chu. 孫子兵法的層次 Gradation of “The Art of War” 孫子兵法是從哲理的層面，來觀察戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)象，探討和揭示戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的規(guī)律。 最主要的核心，就是‘慎戰(zhàn)’不要窮兵黷武。 political education, material reward, moral encouragement and severe military rules and regulations. 孫子兵法的意義 Significance of “The Art of War” 孫子兵法的意義，不完全在它兵法的本身。第一種是很輝煌，很有價(jià)值的東西 (如甲骨文，對(duì)聯(lián)、書畫、等等 )。 “The Art of War” has been applied to fields well outside the military. 十 個(gè) 問 題 孫子兵法圍繞著十個(gè)問題 : The Ten Questions: (justice and benefit) (strength and wisdom) (constancy and change) (empty and full) (advantage and disadvantage) (circuitousness and directness) (中庸 )(potential energy and moderation) (prehensiveness and bias) (understanding and action) 孫子運(yùn)用當(dāng)中的四個(gè)問題 Common mistakes in applying Sun Tzu’s: 1. 歪曲原意，信口開河 (distorting author39。 The Art of War – The 13 chapters 孫子兵法 十三篇 (約 5900字 ) ? 在這些問題的論述中，提出許多歷久常新的軍事原則，制定作戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃，集中兵力，確定主攻方向，善於實(shí)施機(jī)動(dòng)，注意密切協(xié)同，創(chuàng)造主動(dòng)態(tài)勢(shì)，立足於不敗之地。 Many military principles have been discussed in these 13 chapters, including formulation of plans, concentration of armed forces, definite attack direction, availability to change, close coordination and creation of initiative situation. They also pay attention to the military geography, logistics replenishment, modernization of the armed forces and military tactics. The Art of War – The 13 chapters 計(jì)第一 ? 兵者，國(guó)之大事。 War is a grave affair of state。道者，令民與上同意，可與之死，可與之生，而不危也；天者，陰陽(yáng)、寒暑、時(shí)制也；地者，遠(yuǎn)近、險(xiǎn)易、廣狹、死生也；將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴(yán)也；法者， 曲制、官道、主用也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)而示之近。 攻其無備，出其不意 。 When deploying troops, appear not to be. When near, appear far。 Strike with chaos. If the enemy is full, be prepared. If strong, avoid him. If he is angry, disconcert him. If he is weak, stir him to pride. If he is relaxed, harry him。 Appear where you are unexpected. Chapter 1 – Laying plans 作 戰(zhàn) 第 二 ? 凡用兵之法， …… ， 日費(fèi)千金，然後十萬之師舉矣。 In War, victory should be swift. If victory is slow, men tire, morale sags. Sieges exhaust strength。Without a full understanding of the harm caused by war, it is impossible to understand the most profitable way of conducting it. Chapter 2 Waging of War 作 戰(zhàn) 第 二 ? 故兵貴勝，不貴久。The wise general is a Lord of Destiny。 That’s, with rapidity and immediate provisions of supplements. Chapter 2 Waging of War 謀 攻 第 三 ? 是故百戰(zhàn)百勝，非善之善者也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善 之善者也。 In War, with forces ten to the
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