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環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第二十章收獲理論-展示頁(yè)

2024-10-25 01:36本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 大量 ——MSY。即所謂“青山常在、永續(xù)利用”原則。但是,如果在一定的時(shí)間和空間內(nèi)人類(lèi)取用可再生資源過(guò)量,就會(huì)破壞資源的再生能力,造成資源衰竭。 ? 確定最大持續(xù)產(chǎn)量的方法很多 ,最基礎(chǔ)的是根據(jù)種群 S型增長(zhǎng)原理而建立的模型來(lái)估計(jì) ,最后確定最大持續(xù)產(chǎn)量為種群環(huán)境容納量的 1/2。配額控制允許收獲者在每一季節(jié)或每年收走一定數(shù)量的獵物。這表明配額限制實(shí)際上很冒險(xiǎn),有可能導(dǎo)致過(guò)捕,甚至種群滅絕。努力限制具有明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 環(huán)境波動(dòng) 利用種群增長(zhǎng)模型預(yù)測(cè)被收獲種群可獲潛能的效果會(huì)受到環(huán)境波動(dòng)的嚴(yán)重影響。 Simple models do not consider the age structure of populations, which limits their predictive power, as the mortality rates and reproductive output of individuals is agespecific. Usually, the individuals harvested are the larger and older members of the population, which have the highest reproductive potential. Dynamic pool models explicitly consider the recruitment, growth and mortality of different age classes, allowing a better model of the population to be derived. This approach means that, for example, the impact of varying mesh size in a marine fishery can be tested theoretically. Dynamic pool models Related topics Populations and population Density and density structure (H1) dependence (H3) Natality, mortality and Population dynamics –fluctuations, growth (H2) cycles and chaos (H4) 相關(guān)主題 種群和種群結(jié)構(gòu)( H1) 密度和密度制約( H3)出生率、死亡率和種群增長(zhǎng)( H2) 種群動(dòng)態(tài) ——波 動(dòng)、周期和混沌( H4) 動(dòng)態(tài)庫(kù)模型 簡(jiǎn)單的模型不考慮種群的年齡結(jié)構(gòu),這使其預(yù)測(cè)能力有限,因?yàn)樗劳雎逝c繁殖力都是與年齡相關(guān)的。精確地考慮到不同年齡群出生率、生長(zhǎng)和死亡率的動(dòng)態(tài)庫(kù)模型對(duì)對(duì)象種群的預(yù)測(cè)效果更好。 The seas have historically provided a valuable food source to h
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