環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第二十章收獲理論-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-10-07 01:36本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ental capture, ‘bycatch’, of nontarget species or individuals, which are thrown back, dead, into the sea. This is a major environmental problem as it represents the uncontrolled destruction of populations. Bycatch can consist of individuals of the target species which are too small, dolphins, sharks, birds (such as the brownbrowed albatross) and turtles. The bycatch problem 附帶收獲問(wèn)題 多數(shù)漁業(yè)技術(shù)導(dǎo)致非對(duì)象種或個(gè)體的偶然性收獲 ——附帶收獲問(wèn)題。附帶收獲的非對(duì)象種或個(gè)體被扔回大海，死亡。由于該問(wèn)題造成種群的非控制性破壞，因此是主要環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一。附帶收獲個(gè)體包括對(duì)象種中太小的個(gè)體、海豚、鯊魚(yú)、鳥(niǎo)類（如褐眉信天翁）和海龜。 信天翁 Pollutants from human activities affect the aquatic food chain, and some of these have impacts on harvested species. Major pollutants are oil ,toxic chemicals and anic waste. Oil spills cause local devastation to marine life, but generally appear to result in limited longterm effects on the harvested stocks of fish. Toxic chemicals can be passed down the food chain and pose a risk to human consumers, as occurred in the methylmercuric chloride poisoning incident in Minimata, Japan it the 1960s. Sewage and agricultural fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphate may lead to algal blooms and invertebrate deaths as well as the destruction of corals. Pollution Related topics The nature of predation (J1) 相關(guān)主題 捕食的性質(zhì)（ J1） 污 染 來(lái)自人類活動(dòng)的污染的污染影響到水體食物鏈，有一些影響到漁撈對(duì)象種。主要污染物是石油、有毒化合物和有機(jī)廢物。油泄漏使地區(qū)海洋生物遭到破壞，通常表現(xiàn)為漁獲量長(zhǎng)期減少。有毒化合物通常通過(guò)食物鏈危害人類消費(fèi)者，如 60年代發(fā)生在日本水俁（ minimata）的氯化甲基汞毒害事件。含有氮磷的污水和農(nóng)肥會(huì)導(dǎo)致水華和富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化。富養(yǎng)化環(huán)境會(huì)引起當(dāng)?shù)厮螋~(yú)類和無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物死亡以及珊瑚的毀滅。
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