環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第二十章收獲理論-資料下載頁
2025-10-07 01:36本頁面
【正文】 ental capture, ‘bycatch’, of nontarget species or individuals, which are thrown back, dead, into the sea. This is a major environmental problem as it represents the uncontrolled destruction of populations. Bycatch can consist of individuals of the target species which are too small, dolphins, sharks, birds (such as the brownbrowed albatross) and turtles. The bycatch problem 附帶收獲問題 多數(shù)漁業(yè)技術(shù)導(dǎo)致非對象種或個體的偶然性收獲 ——附帶收獲問題。附帶收獲的非對象種或個體被扔回大海，死亡。由于該問題造成種群的非控制性破壞，因此是主要環(huán)境問題之一。附帶收獲個體包括對象種中太小的個體、海豚、鯊魚、鳥類（如褐眉信天翁）和海龜。 信天翁 Pollutants from human activities affect the aquatic food chain, and some of these have impacts on harvested species. Major pollutants are oil ,toxic chemicals and anic waste. Oil spills cause local devastation to marine life, but generally appear to result in limited longterm effects on the harvested stocks of fish. Toxic chemicals can be passed down the food chain and pose a risk to human consumers, as occurred in the methylmercuric chloride poisoning incident in Minimata, Japan it the 1960s. Sewage and agricultural fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphate may lead to algal blooms and invertebrate deaths as well as the destruction of corals. Pollution Related topics The nature of predation (J1) 相關(guān)主題 捕食的性質(zhì)（ J1） 污 染 來自人類活動的污染的污染影響到水體食物鏈，有一些影響到漁撈對象種。主要污染物是石油、有毒化合物和有機(jī)廢物。油泄漏使地區(qū)海洋生物遭到破壞，通常表現(xiàn)為漁獲量長期減少。有毒化合物通常通過食物鏈危害人類消費(fèi)者，如 60年代發(fā)生在日本水俁（ minimata）的氯化甲基汞毒害事件。含有氮磷的污水和農(nóng)肥會導(dǎo)致水華和富營養(yǎng)化。富養(yǎng)化環(huán)境會引起當(dāng)?shù)厮螋~類和無脊椎動物死亡以及珊瑚的毀滅。
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1