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導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 22 通常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。 3) as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法 ① as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于 the same … as, such … as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。 . He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。 1)用 that而不用 which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞 all, anything, nothing, … ;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有 only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能 that用引導(dǎo)。 (二)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉 從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。 21 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語(yǔ)從句 (一)定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo) 關(guān)系代詞: who, whom, whose, which, that, as 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。 . She is the girl who sings best of all.(關(guān)系代詞 who在從句中作主語(yǔ)) The rade with whom I came knows French.( whom在從句中作介詞 with的賓語(yǔ)) 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法: 1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用 who 作主語(yǔ), whom作賓語(yǔ); 2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用 which ,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ); 3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用 that ,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ); 4) whose 用作定語(yǔ),可指人或物; 5)關(guān)系副詞 when(指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), where(指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)), why(指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ))。 . I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定語(yǔ)從句,意思就不完整) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。 . Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.( who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯) (三)使用定語(yǔ) 從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題 that 與 which 的區(qū)別。 . There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。 2)用 which而不用 that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。 . I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。 ② as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個(gè)句子。 . As I expected, he got the first place again in this midterm examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。 . He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected. ②當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí),常用 which引導(dǎo)。 . The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說得很流利。 . There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. 4. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + which”來代