【正文】 n new ways. There are scores of m odern art styl es, but wi thout the Im pressi oni sts, m any of these pai nti ng styles m ight not exi st. O n the one hand, som e m odern art i s abstract。these changes al so l ed to new painti ng styl es. Am ong the painters who broke away from the tradi ti onal styl e of pai nti ng were the Im pressi onists, who li ved and worked i n Paris. The Im pressi oni sts were the first pai nters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how l i ght and shadow fel l on objects at different ti mes of day. H owever, because natural l i ght changes so qui ckl y, the Im pressi oni sts had to pai nt qui ckl y. Their pai nti ngs were not as detail ed as those of earli er pai nters. At first, m any peopl e di sl i ked thi s styl e of pai nting and becam e very angry about i t. They sai d that the pai nters were carel ess and thei r pai nti ngs were ridi cul ous. Modern Art (20th century to today) At the tim e they were created, the Im pressi oni st pai nti ngs were controversial, but today they are acepted as the begi nni ng of what we cal “m odern art”. Thi s i s because the Im pressi oni sts encouraged arti sts to look at thei r envi ronm ent i n new ways. There are scores of m odern art styl es, but wi thout the Im pressi oni sts, m any of these pai nti ng styles m ight not exi st. O n the one hand, som e m odern art i s abstract。 that i s, the pai nter does not attem pt to pai nt objects as we see them wi th our eyes, but i nstead concentrates on certai n quali ti es of the object, usi ng color, li ne and shape to represent them. O n the other hand, som e pai ntings of m odern art are so real isti c that they l ook li ke photographs. These styl es are so di fferent. Who can predi ct what pai nti ng styl es there wil l be i n the future? TH E BEST OF MANH ATTAN’S ART GALLERIES The Frick Col l ecti on (5th Avenue and E. 70th Street) Many art l overs woul d rather vi sit thi s smal art gal ery than any other i n N ew York. H enry Cl ay Frick, a ri ch New Yorker, di ed i n 1919, l eavi ng his house, furni ture and art col l ecti on to the Am eri can peopl e. Fri ck had a preference for pertwenti eth century Western pai ntings, and these are wel represented i n thi s excel l ent col lection. You can also expl ore Fri ck’s beautiful hom e and garden whi ch are wel l worth a visi t. Gugenheim Museum (5th Avenue and 88th Street) Thi s m useum owns 5, 000 superb m odern painti ngs, scul ptures and drawi ngs. These art works are not al di splayed at the sam e ti m e. The exhi bi ti on i s al ways changi ng. It wil l appeal to those who l ove Im pressi onist and PostIm pressi oni st pai nti ngs. The Guggenhei m Museum buil di ng is al so worl dfam ous. When you wal k i nto the gal l ery, you feel as if you were i nsi de a fragi l e, whi te seashel l. The best way to see the pai nti ngs is to start from the top fl oor and wal k down to the bottom . There are no stairs, just a ci rcul ar path. The m useum al so has an excel ent restaurant. Metropoli tan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street) The reputati on of thi s m useum li es i n the variety of i ts art col l ecti on. Thi s covers m ore than 5, 000 years of ci vil i zati on from m any parts of the worl d, i ncl uding Am erica, Europe, Chi na, Egypt, other Afri can countries and South Ameri ca. The m useum di spl ays m ore than just the vi sual deli ghts of art. It introduces you to anci ent ways of li ving. You can vi si t an Egyptian tem pl e, a fragrant Mi ng garden, a typi cal room in an 18th century French house and m any other special exhi bi ti ons. Museum of Modern Art ( 53rd Street. Between 5th and 6th Avenues) It i s amazi ng that so m any great works of art from the l ate 19th century to the 21st century are housed i n the sam e museum . The col ecti on of Western art i ncludes pai nti ngs by such fam ous arti sts as Mo, Van Gogh, Pi casso and Mati sse. A few words of warni ng: the admi ssi on pri ce i s not cheap and the m useum i s often very crowded. Whi tney Museum of Am eri can Art (945 Madi son Avenue, near 75th Street) The Whi tney hol ds an excel ent col ecti on of contem porary Am eri can pai nti ng and scul pture. There are no perm anent di spl ays in thi s m useum and exhi bi ti ons change al l the tim e. Every two years, the Whi tney hol ds a speci al exhi bi ti on of new art by l i vi ng arti sts. The m useum al so shows vi deos and fi lm s by contem porary vi deo arti sts. Uni t 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are vari ous reasons why peopl e wri te poetry. Som e poem s tel a story or descri be som ethi ng i n a way that wi l gi ve the reader a strong im pressi on. Others try to convey certai n em otions. Poets use m any di ferent form s of poetry to expres them sel ves. In thi s text, however, we wi l l ook at a few of the sim pl er forms. Some of the first poetry a young chil d l earns i n Engli sh i s nursery rhym es. These rhymes l i ke the one on the ri ght (A) are sti l a m on type of chil dren’s poetry. The language i s concrete but im aginati ve, and they deli ght sm al chil dren because they rhym e, have strong rhythm and a l ot of repeti ti on. The poem s m ay not m ake sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to l earn and recite. By pl ayi ng wi th the words i n nursery rhym es, chi l dren l earn about language. H ush, li ttl e baby, don’t say a word, Papa’s goi ng to buy you a m ockingbi rd. If that m ocki ngbi rd won’t si ng, Papa’s goi ng to buy you a di am ond ri ng. If that diam ond ri ng turns to brass, Papa’s goi ng to buy you a l ooki nggl ass. If that l ooki nggl ass gets broke, Papa’s goi ng to buy you a bi l ygoat. If that bil ygoat runs away, Papa’s goi ng to buy you another today. One of the sim pl est kinds of poem s are those li ke B and C that li st thi ngs. List poems have a flexi bl e l i ne l ength and repeated phrases whi ch