【正文】 gs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation. Along with market days, the institution of twiceyearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to wouldbe buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items. Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the petition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants39。 side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods. One of the reasons Philadelphia39。s agriculture importance (B) Philadelphia39。 side ? (A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion. (B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper. (C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence (D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful. 10. The word undergoing in line 22 is closest in meaning to (A) requesting (B) experiencing (C) repeating (D) including Questions 1122 Avicolturists, people who raise birds for mercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the (5) nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird39。s method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors (20) to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can bee cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can bee chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from (25) direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 11. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots39。 eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots39。s incubation method EXCEPT (A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest (B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest (C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell (D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell 17. The word suspend in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) build (B) paint (C)hang (D) move 18. The word fatal in line 25 is closest in meaning to (A) close (B) deadly (C) natural (D) hot 19. The word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) fiesh (B)diy (C)safe (D)warm 20. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides (A) a constant source of humidity (B) a strong nest box (C) more room for newly hatched chicks (D) protection against cold weather 21. Which of the following is a problem with mercial incubators? (A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors. (B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly (C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does. (D) They are expensive to operate. 22. Which of the following terms is defined in t