【正文】 (A) aviculturists (B)birds (C)eggs (D) rates 13. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then (A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation (B) the embryo will not develop normally (C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position. (D) the incubation process is slowed down 14. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to (A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick (B) hold the nest together (C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest (D) make the nest bigger 15. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to (A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest (B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest (C) keep the nest in a clean condition (D) touch the bottom of the eggs 16. All of the following are part of a parrot39。 environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots39。s skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. (10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment (15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most mercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird39。s development as a marketing center (C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia (D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia 2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because (A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets (B) the High Street Market was forced to close (C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population (D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms. 3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) tradition (B) association (C) produce (D) region 4. The word it in line 6 refers to (A) the crowded city (B) a radius (C) the High Street Market (D) the period 5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) returned (B) started (C) declined (D) continued 6. According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held (A) on the same day as market says (B) as often as possible (C) a couple of times a year (D) whenever the government allowed it 7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that (A) retail merchants were not willing to sell (B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia (C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia (D) could easily be transported 8. The word eradicate in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) eliminate (B) exploit (C) anize (D) operate 9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that economic development was on the merchants39。s merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Philadelphia39。2020 年 11 月份托福閱讀真題及答案 Questions 110 As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pi