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外文翻譯---建筑生命周期-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)-展示頁(yè)

2025-05-27 09:47本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 with some pleteness we have to deal with more than thousand data for each. In addition to this it has to be considered, that the data will change dependent from a changed choice of the used source of more or less renewable energy or farer or nearer places of to be found raw materials, or harder or softer production processes, etc. etc. It seems it will be an unsolvable task to get a correct result of the environmental and health impact assessment this means to calculate it, as it should. However it also seems that all attempts have to be made to convince us how to make our future choices. DUTCH CONTRIBUTIONS Here it will be not possible to give an unbroken historical report on all attempts towards Sustainable Development and Sustainable Building made in the Netherlands since the energy crisis in the begin of the seventies. However two lines will be sketched a governmental and a nongovernmental one, which even started before the energy crisis, around the time of the first signs given by the Club of Rome. Both of these lines developed consciousness as well as later regulations on Sustainable Building. And, of course, the practical realisations always take longer and they are much weaker than the formulation and postulation of aims. The energy crisis led to a socalled 39。 BMD, a Broad Social Debate in order to choose or approach new scenarios for gaining and using energy. At the end of the seventies there appeared a governmental report 39。 (Care for Tomorrow) and after this the first NMP National Environmental Policy Plan, A Clean Environment Choose it or Loose it. The Building Sector was addressed there with issues as A NMP+, and, after four years at times, a NMP1, a NMP2 and a NMP3 followed. Nowadays the NMP4 is in preparation. 6 Side by side there came a semigovernmental institution into existence: NOVEM, which unified quite a lot of former particular and private initiatives in the field of mainly (alternative) energy use like . 39。 (A different Energy). Together with SEV, the Group dealing with Experiments in Housing and SBR, Foundation Building Research started with the governmental supported institute Duurzaam Bouwen DuBo Sustainable Building. Along this development, important to mention, there appeared five times (yearly) a Paasbrief an Eastermessage of Rgd Rijksgebouwendienst the governmental section, which takes care for all governmental buildings. Regulations like 39。 (Decision to build) and the 39。 (How to Grasp) and Nationaal Pakket (National Package) voor Woningbouw (Housing) and later Utiliteitsbouw (Utility Building) were further steps in the development. Nowadays we see a state of a relative awareness about the necessity of Sustainable Building also in its plexity, but it seems at the same time, that the relatively easy possible, 39。 give already a satisfaction, with which the majority of the planners and builders remain. The number of model projects of Sustainable Building is growing, but their consequence in following the main aims of a Sustainable Development is far from the desirable, far from a substantial contribution to the world problems. COMPLEXITY The Life Cycle of Building has – as we already have seen a high plexity concerning its technical structure in time and space. Beside this it also has a plicated and even delicate place and meaning concerning its social and economical importance. Being a main part of eachs country’s national economy and being in the hands of profitorientated industries in relation with employment or unemployment of large numbers of workers in the building and construction industry it is not easy to change the concerned habits from an environmental damaging, unhealthy way to build towards an environmentallysound and healthy one. In the Metamodel for an Integral BioLogical Architecture we see the plexity – visualised, and this mandala like diagram with its pictograms is made as a kind of checklist, but also as a(n) (design) aid and to support a fundamental contemplative and reflective view on architecture, 7 building and planning and the manifold processes within and around. It might be helpful also to look to the cost consequences of the Life Cycle of Building integrally and on long term. In the Iceberg Theory it is stated, that the real costs of building are approximately ten times higher than the prices we pay usually for a building or also for the most other more or less high advanced industrial products. The reasons for these hidden costs are to find in mainly three circumstances: Firstly Sooner or later we will have to pensate and to repair the damages in the natural environment as a consequence of the (life) cycles of many building materials and the use of energy, as already described previously. The (costly) sometimes repeated attempts we make and will make will not be successful in all cases. Secondly Sooner or later we will have to cure the damages of the health of ing generations as a consequence of toxic, and otherwise harmful materials, processes and products, as already mentioned previously. Also these (costly sometimes repeated) attempt will not always be successful. Thirdly We also have to take into account , that the usual prices we pay for energy and raw materials, but labour as well – often from the Third World countries – are, pared with what in the advanced countries would be asked for, extraordinary low. It might be – beside the loss of priceless values in nature, and – culture – that the hidden costs will even be more than ten times the usual prices in some cases. RULES OF THUMB In this key note paper about the Life Cycle of Building we only will give two rules of thumb, which – in case of application – can help to bring us (significally) nearer towards Sustainable Building and a Sustainable Development. T
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