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t in developing ideal EMCS and its Communication systems for the occupants if HVAC, Lighting and other systems annot meet and satisfy the needs of the a new IB installation we should expect the following features: ? High speed fibre optic munication work trunk for data, video and BAS. ? Flexible HVAC system with modular distribution and 100% outdoor air capability to take advantage of free cooling as well as to allow flushing of the building to dilute volatile offgassing contaminants。 Control System (EMCS) utilizing direct digital control technology for HVAC, Lighting, Fire Alarm and other building support systems。 ? Generous standby power generation。 ? Networked multiuser access incorporating structured password protection。 ? Electrical design features tailored to Intelligent Building。E installations is 20 years versus an average building life cycle of 50 years. These retrofits, therefore, often dictate a plete revamping of the existing Mamp。s and generally advocated extensive use of elaborate centralized electronic systems to facilitate control of building support and munication systems for voice and data. The initial concept promoted munication works to allow centralized word processing services and limited interaction between individual occupants and the Building Automation Systems through touch tone phones to override local HVAC set points and lighting and owners were pressured to develop intelligent buildings, in spite of the high premium costs, at that time, for prestige reasons and for enhanced rental potential. The Building Automation System and the Communication System industry as well as other specialized interest groups soon developed specific products and applications to meet and facilitate the implementation of the Intelligent Building concept. These developments coupled to the burgeoning Personal Computer market development have since reduced cost premiums drastically and greatly improved the ensuing benefits for Intelligent IB concept is now well accepted and applied in Europe, Asia and North America. Future trends The former Intelligent Building Institute (IBI) foundation advocated, a few years ago, a need to recognize, in future building designs, the transition from national economies to a bination of local and global economies and therefore the need to facilitate each employee’s access to global munication works. They predicted that information technology access will provide the biggest single impetus for change in the office environment. This prediction has now bee a reality. IBI also predicted that environmental issues and particularly Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) were being a primary concern in the design of the new office buildings. Improved air filtration and increased air change were pinpointed as major concerns in addition to flexible ambient room condition control. Other studies performed recently reveal that the use of Personal Environment Controllers formerly called Intelligent Terminal Controllers or has measurably increased occupant satisfaction in the workplace on a number of pilot project