【正文】
tory The data bank technology from the birth to the present, in half century39。s time, has formed the solid rationale, the mature mercial product and the widespread application domain, attraction more and more researchers joins. The database birth and the development have brought a huge revolution for the puter information management. More than 30 for years, domestic and foreign already developed have constructed tens of thousands of databases, it has bee the enterprise, the department and even individual routine work, the production and the life infrastructure. At the same time, along with application expansion and thorough, database quantity and the scale are getting bigger and bigger, the database research area also already greatly developed broad and deepens. during 30 years the database domain has obtained three puter Turing (. Bachman, , ), explained fully the database is one vital and the innovative spirit domain. Lets us along the historical path, traces the database the devel. The Data management of birth The database history may trace 50 years ago, at that time data management was simple. Through massive classified, the parison and the form plan39。s IDMS improvement edition, and became at that time in gradually the world the biggest software pany. The Relational database of the origin The ted database and the level database well had already solved the data centralism and the sharing question, but still had in the data independence and the abstract rank is very greatly defective. The user when carries on the deposit to these two kind of databases, still needed to be clear about the data the memory structure, points out the access path. Then appears the relational database has solved these problems well. In 1970, IBM Researcher Dr. “Communication of the ACM” on has published named in the publication “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” the paper, proposed relational model39。s 12 standards, has laid the relational database foundation with the mathematical theory. The relational model has the strict mathematics foundation, the abstract rank is quite high, moreover simple clear, is advantageous for the understanding and the use. But at that time also some people thought that the relational model is the idealized data model, uses for to realize DBMS is not realistic, especially the worry relational database39。s support and the opposition relational database two school of between debates. This famous debate promoted the relational database development, causes it to end in the modern database product the mainstream. Structured query language (SQL) In 1974, IBM Ray Boyce and Don Chamberlin displayed the Codd relational database39。s mathematics definitions by the simple key words grammar, the milestone type proposed SQL (Structured Query Language) the language. The SQL language39。s each change is instructing the relational database product development direction. However, until the mid 1970s. At present the SQL standard has 3 editions. The basic SQL definition is ANSIX313589, “Database Language SQL with Integrity Enhancement” [ANS89], is called SQL89 generally. SQL89 has defined the mode definition, the data manipulation and business processes. SQL 89 and af