【正文】 1991： . Bill Inmon 發(fā)表了“ 構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)倉庫”。 1979： Oracle 公司引入了第一個商用 SQL 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)。 1961： 通用電氣 (GE)公司的 Charles Bachman 開發(fā)了第一個數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng) —IDS。 1991： 發(fā)表了《構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)倉庫》 。 數(shù)據(jù)庫未來發(fā)展趨勢 隨著信息管理內(nèi)容的不斷擴(kuò)展，出現(xiàn)了豐富多樣的數(shù)據(jù)模型（層次模型，網(wǎng)狀模型，關(guān)系模型，面向?qū)ο竽Ｐ?，半結(jié)構(gòu)化模型等），新技術(shù)也層出不窮（數(shù)據(jù)流， Web 數(shù)據(jù)管理，數(shù)據(jù)挖掘等）。 1991： . Bill Inmon 發(fā)表了“ 構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)倉庫” 。 同樣在這年，加州大學(xué)伯克利分校 Ingres 項目演變成 Postgres，其目標(biāo)是開發(fā)出一個面向?qū)ο蟮臄?shù)據(jù)庫。其他決策支持系統(tǒng)緊隨其后，許多是由公司的 IT 部門開發(fā)出來的。這對許多已經(jīng)運用數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)多年并積累了大量工作數(shù)據(jù)的客戶，尤其 是大客戶來說，是無法承受新舊數(shù)據(jù)間的轉(zhuǎn)換而帶來的巨大工作量及巨額開支的。而 Stonebraker 本人也在當(dāng)時被 Informix 花大價錢聘為技術(shù)總負(fù)責(zé)人。九十年代以后，技術(shù)界一直在研究和尋求新型數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)。SQL92 包括模式操作，動態(tài)創(chuàng)建和 SQL 語句動態(tài)執(zhí)行、網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境支持等增強(qiáng)特性?；?SQL 定義是 ANSIX313589， “Database Language—SQL with Integrity Enhancement”[ANS89]，一般叫做 SQL89。 SQL 提供了與關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行交互的方法，它可以與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的編程語言一起工作。這次著名的辯論推動了關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的發(fā)展，使其最終成為現(xiàn)代數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品的主流。后來 Codd 又陸續(xù)發(fā)表多篇文章，論述了范式理論和衡量關(guān)系系統(tǒng)的 12 條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用數(shù)學(xué)理論奠定了關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的基礎(chǔ)。而后來出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫較好地解決了這些問題。使用磁盤最大的好處是可以隨機(jī)地存取數(shù)據(jù)，而穿孔卡片和磁帶只能順序存取數(shù)據(jù)。而數(shù)據(jù)管理就是對所有這些穿孔卡片進(jìn)行物理的儲存和處理。 30 年間數(shù)據(jù)庫領(lǐng)域獲得了三次計算機(jī)圖靈 （ , ） ，更加充分 地說明了數(shù)據(jù)庫是一個充滿活力和創(chuàng)新精神的領(lǐng)域。 Gamble system design first merce intelligent system production. 1991: . “Bill” Inmon has published “the construction data warehouse”. 數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)展史 數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)從誕生到現(xiàn)在，在不到半個世紀(jì)的時間里，形成了堅實的理論基礎(chǔ)、成熟的商業(yè)產(chǎn)品和廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，吸引越來越多的研究者加入。s appearance, opened a stretch of new world for the database system39。 Gamble Corporation develops by the Metaphor puter system Limited pany, was mainly uses for to connect the sales message and the retail sales scanner data. In the same year, the Pilot software pany starts to sell the first mercial customer/server to carry out information system Command Center. Similarly in this year, the UC Berkeley branch school Ingres project evolves Postgres, its goal develops an objectoriented database. Hereafter one year, Graphael Corporation has developed first mercial object database system Gbase. In 1988, IBM Corporation39。s market development39。s each change is instructing the relational database product development direction. However, until the mid 1970s. At present the SQL standard has 3 editions. The basic SQL definition is ANSIX313589, “Database Language SQL with Integrity Enhancement” [ANS89], is called SQL89 generally. SQL89 has defined the mode definition, the data manipulation and business processes. SQL 89 and afterward ANSIX31681989, “Database Language Embedded SQL” constituted the first generation of SQL standard. ANSIX3135 1992[ANS92] described one kind of enhancement function SQL, now is called the SQL 92 standard. SQL 92 including pattern operation, dynamic enhancement characteristics and so on foundation and SQL sentence dynamic execution, work environment support. After pleting the SQL 92 standard, ANSI and ISO namely start to cooperate develop the SQL3 standard. The SQL3 main feature lies in the abstract data type the support, has provided the standard for the new generation object relationship database. Objectoriented database Technology is very mature, but its limitation is also obvious: It can process socalled “the form data” well, more and more plex type39。s support and the opposition relational database two school of between debates. This famous debate promoted the relational database development, causes it to end in the modern database product the mainstream. Structured query language (SQL)