【正文】 e, if the user clicks a button, you want to have code in place that responds appropriately. It is this sort of eventhandling code that will form the bulk of any application. Once the application responds correctly to all of the available controls, it is finished. You can see from this discussion that the creation of a Windows program is a straightforward process when using MFC. The goal of these tutorials is to fill in the details and to show the techniques you can use to create professional applications as quickly as possible. The Visual C++ application development environment is specifically tuned to MFC, so by learning MFC and Visual C++ together you can significantly increase your power as an application developer. Windows Vocabulary The vocabulary used to talk about user interface features and software development in Windows is basic but unique. Here we review a few definitions to make discussion easier for those who are new to the environment. Windows applications use several standard user controls: Static text labels Push buttons 沈陽(yáng)航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 3 List boxes Combo boxes (a more advanced form of list) Radio boxes Check boxes Editable text areas (single and multiline) Scroll bars You can create these controls either in code or through a resource editor that can create dialogs and the controls inside of them. In this set of tutorials we will examine how to create them in code. See the tutorials on the AppWizard and ClassWizard for an introduction to the resource editor for dialogs. Windows supports several types of application windows. A typical application will live inside a frame window. A frame window is a fully featured main window that the user can resize, minimize, maximize to fill the screen, and so on. Windows also supports two types of dialog boxes: modal and modeless. A modal dialog box, once on the screen, blocks input to the rest of the application until it is answered. A modeless dialog box can appear at the same time as the application and seems to float above it to keep from being overlaid. Most simple Windows applications use a Single Document Interface, or SDI, frame. The Clock, PIF editor, and Notepad are examples of SDI applications. Windows also provides an anizing scheme called the Multiple Document Interface, or MDI for more plicated applications. The MDI system allows the user to view multiple documents at the same time within a single instance of an application. For example, a text editor might allow the user to open multiple files simultaneously. When implemented with MDI, the application presents a large application window that can hold multiple subwindows, each containing a document. The single main menu is held by the main application window and it applies to the topmost window held within the MDI frame. Individual windows can be iconified or expanded as desired within the MDI frame, or the entire MDI frame can be minimized into a single icon on the desktop. The MDI interface gives the impression of a second desktop out on the desktop, and it goes a long way towards anizing and removing window clutter. Each application that you create will use its own unique set of controls, its own menu structure, and its own dialog boxes. A great deal of the effort that goes into creating any 沈陽(yáng)航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 4 good application interface lies in the choice and anization of these interface objects. Visual C++, along with its resource editors, makes the creation and customization of these interface objects extremely easy. Eventdriven Software and Vocabulary All windowbased GUIs contain the same basic elements and all operate in the same way. On screen the user sees a group of windows, each of which contains controls, icons, objects and such that are manipulated with the mouse or the keyboard. The interface objects seen by the user are the same from system to system: push buttons, scroll bars, icons, dialog boxes, pull down menus, etc. These interface objects all work the same way, although some have minor differences in their look and feel. For example, scroll bars look slightly different as you move from Windows to the Mac to Motif, but they all do the same thing. From a programmer39。s controls, the program must respond appropriately. The responses are determined by the user39。ve seen this sort of program, it probably 沈陽(yáng)航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 6 will not make a lot of sense initially. Don39。 }。 // Declare the main window class class CHelloWindow : public CFrameWnd { CStatic* cs。 }。 m_pMainWndShowWindow(m_nCmdShow)。 return TRUE。 // Create a static label cs = new CStatic()。 } This small program does three things. First, it creates an application object. Every MFC program you write will have a single application object that handles the initialization details of MFC and Windows. Next, the application creates a single window on the screen to act as the main application window. Finally, inside that window the application creates a single static text label containing the words hello world. We will look at this program in detail in the next tutorial to gain a plete understanding of its structure. The steps necessary to enter and pile this program are straightforward. If you have not yet installed Visual C++ on your machine, do so now. You will have the option of creating standard and custom installations. For the purposes of these tutorials a standard installation is suitable and after answering two or three simple questions the rest of the installation is quick and painless. Start VC++ by double clicking on its icon in the Visual C++ group of the Program Manager. If you have just installed the product, you will see an empty window with a menu bar. If VC++ has been used before on this machine, it is possible for it to e u