【正文】 part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活動。在很多行業(yè)，消費(fèi)者因維修保證、更換或回收而退回產(chǎn)品，因而反向配送的成本可能會很高。買方可能因各種原因?qū)a(chǎn)品退回賣方。Return goods handling. The handling of return goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics systems are not good enough to handle such cases. In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement, or recycling, reverse distribution costs may be very high. Reverse distribution will bee more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies.退貨處理。物流過程中的活動也應(yīng)當(dāng)包括高效快速地對廢棄物進(jìn)行裝卸、運(yùn)輸和倉儲。而物流包裝在物流過程中起到了保護(hù)產(chǎn)品的作用。當(dāng)企業(yè)涉足國際市場營銷時(shí)，包裝就顯得更為重要。就市場營銷而言，包裝承擔(dān)促銷和廣告的功能。. Packaging performs two basic functions–marketing and logistics. In marketing the packaging acts promotion and advertising. Its size, weight, color, and printed information attract customers and convey knowledge of the product. When firms are involved in international marketing, packaging bees even more important. Products sold to foreign countries travel greater distances and undergo more handling operations. The logistics package is to protect the products during the process of logistics.包裝。因此，當(dāng)涉足國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域時(shí)，企業(yè)必須建立國際物流系統(tǒng)以提供需要的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。整合物流管理和成本分析將更加復(fù)雜和困難。這種趨勢仍將持續(xù)。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更加有助于物流管理的市場開發(fā)、運(yùn)營和管理。(2) Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet further assists the market development, operation and management of the logistics industry.(2)信息技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代物流中尤其重要。以物流基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸600400MM為基礎(chǔ),制定出物流模數(shù)尺寸12001000MM,并將其放大至25912438MM,即形成集裝箱的高度與寬度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸。商品物流往往從包裝開始,而后經(jīng)歷運(yùn)輸、儲存和配送等過程。2. Logistics is a new mercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:物流作為新興的商務(wù)領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)物流向現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展的兩個(gè)階段。物流中經(jīng)常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最為常見的形式。這種因商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中而產(chǎn)生的附加增值稱之為物流的場所價(jià)值。儲存創(chuàng)造了商品的時(shí)間價(jià)值。Three major functions of logistics物流的三大主要功能(1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.(1)創(chuàng)造時(shí)間價(jià)值:同種商品因所處時(shí)間的不同而有著不同的價(jià)值。在物流過程中,既需要諸如物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備(物流運(yùn)輸工具等)的硬件,也需要對物流實(shí)施信息化管理進(jìn)行物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。1. The Definition of Logistics 物流的定義After pleting a mercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most costeffective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.在完成商業(yè)交易之后,物流將以最低成本和最高效益的方式執(zhí)行將商品從供應(yīng)商(賣方)流轉(zhuǎn)到顧客(買方)的過程。這就是物流的定義。此外,政府和物流組織的支持也不可或缺。在商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中,往往會處于某種停滯的狀態(tài),物流的專業(yè)術(shù)語就稱之為儲存。(2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations